Adolescent but Not Adult Rats Exhibit Ethanol‐Mediated Appetitive Second‐Order Conditioning

Pautassi, Ricardo Marcos; Myers, Mallory L.; Spear, Linda P.; Molina, Juan Carlos; Spear, Norman E.

doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00789.x

Cited by 90 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Esta trayectoria, de uso a abuso o dependencia, está facilitada por el patrón idiosincrático de respuesta a la droga que se observa durante la adolescencia. Los adolescentes exhiben, comparados con los adultos, mayor sensibilidad a los efectos reforzantes, apetitivos del alcohol y menor sensibilidad a sus efectos aversivos y sedativos, en tanto que podrían ser más sensibles a la facilitación social inducida por el alcohol (Pautassi, Myers, Spear, Molina & Spear, 2008;Silveri & Spear, 1998). Así entonces, conocer como la exposición al alcohol en la adolescencia afecta rasgos psicológicos, y como estos rasgos psicológicos a su vez promueven el consumo de alcohol, es un tema de máxima importancia sanitaria.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Efecto reciproco de impulsividad y consumo de alcohol en adolescentes argentinos

Pilatti

Fernández

Viola

et al. 2017

haaj

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Efecto reciproco de impulsividad y consumo de alcohol en adolescentes argentinos

Pilatti

Fernández

Viola

et al. 2017

haaj

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“…The striatum also responds differently to alcohol in adolescence compared to adulthood. For example, during acute alcohol exposure, increased dopamine release in the striatum is more prominent in adolescents (Pascual et al, 2009; Philpot et al, 2009) and appears to be associated with greater rewarding effects of alcohol (Pautassi et al, 2008; Ristuccia and Spear, 2008). Additionally, alcohol exposure differentially affects cognitive performance, with adolescent, but not adult rodents, showing decreases in learning and memory due to alcohol exposure (Land and Spear, 2004; Markwiese et al, 1998; White et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binge drinking impacts dorsal striatal response during decision making in adolescents

Jones¹,

Cservenka²,

Nagel³

2016

NeuroImage

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Adolescence is a time of both increased risk taking and increased vulnerability to the neurotoxic effects of alcohol. However, it is unclear whether brain functioning abnormalities in adolescent binge drinkers are a result of alcohol use itself or whether they represent premorbid risk characteristics. The current study addresses this question by using a modified version of the Wheel of Fortune (WOF) task, during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), at both baseline, while all subjects were alcohol-naïve, and revisit, when half of the subjects had emerged into regular binge drinking (n = 13) and half remained alcohol and substance-naïve (n = 13). Region of interest (ROI) analysis revealed that during decision making, there was a significant binge-drinking related reduction in brain activation in the dorsal striatum, an effect associated with degree of recent use. Furthermore, whole brain analysis revealed a decrease in fronto-parietal brain activation prior to initiation of alcohol use, in adolescents who went on to binge drink. Additionally, there were numerous regions, both cortical and subcortical, in which there was a significant time-related developmental change, across groups. These results demonstrate how abnormalities in decision-making related circuitry might both lead to and perpetuate alcohol drinking behavior. These findings help aid in our ability to disentangle consequences of binge drinking from potential risk markers for future binge drinking, and may help guide future prevention and intervention strategies.

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“…Indeed, studies have determined adolescents to be relatively insensitive to many ethanol effects when compared to adults, particularly to ethanol effects such as its aversive properties which likely serve as cues to limit intake (for review, see Doremus-Fitzwater et al, 2010; Spear and Varlinskaya, 2005). However, whereas adolescents show an attenuated sensitivity to ethanol-induced sedative (Silveri & Spear, 1998), motor impairing (White et al, 2002), social disrupting (Varlinskaya & Spear, 2002) and aversive (Anderson, Varlinskaya, & Spear, 2010) effects, they conversely exhibit enhanced sensitivity to a few ethanol effects, including ethanol-induced social facilitation (Varlinskaya & Spear, 2006), memory impairments (Markwiese, Acheson, Levin, Wilson, & Swartzwelder, 1998), and its rewarding properties (Pautassi, Myers, Spear, Molina, & Spear, 2008; Ristuccia & Spear, 2008). This pattern of reduced sensitivity to aversive but increased sensitivity to rewarding properties is often associated with elevations in ethanol intake (Green & Grahame, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ontogeny of ethanol aversion

Saalfield

Spear

2016

Physiology & Behavior

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Recent work has suggested separate developmental periods within the broader framework of adolescence, with data suggesting distinct alterations and vulnerabilities within these intervals. While previous research has suggested reduced sensitivity to the aversive effects of alcohol in adolescence relative to adults, a more detailed ontogeny of this effect has yet to be conducted. The adolescent brain undergoes significant transitions throughout adolescence, including in regions linked with drug reward and aversion. The current study aimed to determine the ontogeny of ethanol aversion by utilizing a conditioned taste aversion procedure at six different ages to test the hypothesis that the transitions into, through, and out of adolescence are associated with ontogenetic alterations in sensitivity to the aversive properties of ethanol. Non-deprived animals given Boost® as the conditioned stimulus (CS) were used in Experiment 1, whereas Experiment 2 used water-restricted animals provided with a saccharin/sucrose solution as the CS. In both experiments, an attenuated sensitivity to the aversive properties of ethanol was evident in adolescents compared to adults, although more age differences were apparent in water deprived animals than when a highly palatable CS was given to ad libitum animals. Overall, the data suggest an attenuated sensitivity to the aversive properties of ethanol that is most pronounced during pre- and early adolescence, declining thereafter to reach the enhanced aversive sensitivity of adults.

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Adolescent but Not Adult Rats Exhibit Ethanol‐Mediated Appetitive Second‐Order Conditioning

Cited by 90 publications

References 57 publications

Efecto reciproco de impulsividad y consumo de alcohol en adolescentes argentinos

Efecto reciproco de impulsividad y consumo de alcohol en adolescentes argentinos

Binge drinking impacts dorsal striatal response during decision making in adolescents

The ontogeny of ethanol aversion

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