Adnexal Masses in Children and Adolescents

Kelleher, Cassandra M.; Goldstein, Allan M.

doi:10.1097/grf.0000000000000084

Cited by 45 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Here, the ovarian follicles fail to involute and mature into the corpus luteum . They are thought to be caused by intermittent gonadotrophin production by the developing pituitary gland . Most functional cysts will resolve spontaneously.…”

Section: Benign Ovarian Tumoursmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management of ovarian cysts in children and adolescents

Potdar

Pillai

Oppenheimer

2020

The Obstetric & Gynaecologis

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Key content Most ovarian cysts in children and adolescents are benign. Incidence of large ovarian cysts usually peaks in the first year of life and around menarche; approximately 30% of girls will present with pain. Gynaecologists, paediatric surgeons and general surgeons may manage ovarian cysts. There is a lack of standardised protocols and guidance, so most patients are managed on the basis of an individual clinician’s judgement, preference and experience. Whenever possible, the operation of choice for benign cysts is laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy with ovarian preservation. This review provides an evidence‐based tool for the management of ovarian cysts in children and adolescent girls. Learning objectives To identify ovarian pathology using appropriate imaging in emergency and elective situations. To know that, when possible, a multidisciplinary approach between gynaecologists, radiologists and paediatric surgeons is optimal. To be vigilant for malignant tumours and perform ovarian‐sparing surgery for suspected benign conditions. Ethical issues There are long‐term reproductive consequences of inadvertently removing one or both ovaries. Unnecessary surgery has an effect on patients’ physical and mental wellbeing.

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Section: Benign Ovarian Tumoursmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the complex benign cysts, germ cell tumours are the most common in children and adolescents. Of these, 55–70% are mature cystic teratomas (dermoid cysts) . They usually occur between the ages of 6 and 15 years and 10% may be bilateral .…”

Section: Benign Ovarian Tumoursmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of ovarian cysts in children and adolescents

Potdar

Pillai

Oppenheimer

2020

The Obstetric & Gynaecologis

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“…After mature teratomas, cystadenomas are the second most common benign ovarian tumors in children and adolescents (13). They can be either serous or mucinous and can grow up to enormous sizes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Specific Frequencies and Characteristics of Ovarian Cysts in Children and Adolescents

Emeksiz¹,

Derinöz²,

Akkoyun³

et al. 2017

Jcrpe

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Objective:The aim of the present study was to document ovarian cyst frequency and characteristics as well as distribution of these parameters with respect to age in children and adolescents.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 1009 girls between the ages of 5-18 years who presented to our pediatric emergency department (PED) with pelvic pain and therefore underwent pelvic ultrasound examination between June 2011 and May 2014.Results:In total, 132 of 1009 girls (13.1%) were identified as having ovarian cysts ≥1 cm in diameter. The frequency of ovarian cysts was found to be 1.8% (6/337) in children aged 5-9 years and 18.8% (126/672) in those aged 10-18 years. All the cysts detected in children aged 5-9 years were small (<3 cm) and simple with age-specific frequencies ranging between 1.5-2.7%. With the onset of adolescence, ovarian cyst frequency started to increase with age and ranged between 3.8-31.3% throughout adolescence. Age of peak ovarian cyst frequency was 15 years with a rate of 31.3%. Large ovarian cysts (>5 cm) were identified in 19 adolescents (15.1%) with most occurring during middle adolescence. Of the 19 adolescents, five were found to have cyst-related significant ovarian pathologies including cystadenoma (n=3) and ovarian torsion (n=2).Conclusion:In children aged 5-9 years, ovarian cysts were infrequent and small (<3 cm). Peak ovarian cyst frequency was detected at the age of 15 years. All patients diagnosed with cyst-related significant ovarian pathologies were adolescents having a cyst >5 cm in diameter with a complex appearance in most.

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“…The simple ovarian cyst is the most common tumor in the pediatric population in all age groups. It consists, in most cases, of functional cysts which develop probably secondary to intermittent gonadotrophin secretion [7][8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%