Adjustment of twin data for the effects of age and sex

McGue, Matt; Bouchard, Thomas J.

doi:10.1007/bf01080045

Cited by 772 publications

(582 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A regression analysis of the effect of effortful control on PIU was then conducted after controlling for the effect of age and family SES, as the latter has been found to have strong associations with both PIU and effortful control (Lengua, 2006;. Before conducting model fitting analysis, scores for PIU and effortful control were residualized for age through a multiple regression procedure, as age may increase the sibling similarity on both phenotypes (McGue & Bouchard, 1984 The bivariate Cholesky decomposition model for effortful control and PIU. The model estimates common genetic (Ac) and environmental (Cc, Ec) factors contributing to both variables and genetic and environmental factors that are unique to PIU (As, Cs, and Es).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Twin Study of Problematic Internet Use: Its Heritability and Genetic Association With Effortful Control

Chen

et al. 2014

Twin Res Hum Genet

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Our goal was to estimate genetic and environmental sources of influence on adolescent problematic internet use, and whether these individual differences can be explained by effortful control, an important aspect of self-regulation. A sample of 825 pairs of Chinese adolescent twins and their parents provided reports of problematic internet use and effortful control. Univariate analysis revealed that genetic factors explained 58-66% of variance in problematic internet use, with the rest explained by non-shared environmental factors. Sex difference was found, suggesting boys' problematic internet use was more influenced by genetic influences than girls' problematic internet use. Bivariate analysis indicated that effortful control accounted for a modest portion of the genetic and non-shared environmental variance in problematic internet use among girls. In contrast, among boys, effortful control explained between 6% (parent report) and 20% (self-report) of variance in problematic internet use through overlapping genetic pathways. Adolescent problematic internet use is heritable, and poor effortful control can partly explain adolescent problematic internet use, with effects stronger for boys. Implications for future research are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Twin Study of Problematic Internet Use: Its Heritability and Genetic Association With Effortful Control

Chen

et al. 2014

Twin Res Hum Genet

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“…sex and age by a regression method (McGue & Bouchard, 1984) in a combined sample of males and females and standardized the residuals (z score) with a mean of zero and standard deviation of 1.0. Figure 2 shows that the mean level of PB increased progressively with increasing levels of FC.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Family Cohesion Moderates Environmental Influences on Prosocial Behavior in Nigerian Adolescent Twins

et al. 2017

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Research shows that perceived family cohesion is positively related to prosocial behavior in adolescents. In this study, we investigated heritability of prosocial behavior (PB) and perceived family cohesion (FC) among Nigerian twins attending public schools in Lagos State, Nigeria (mean age = 14.7 years, SD = 1.7 years), and explored the issue of whether children's perception of cohesive family environment moderated genetic and environmental influences on (PB). The PB scale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the FC scale of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale III were completed by 2,376 twins (241 monozygotic (MZ) male, 354 MZ female, 440 dizygotic (DZ) male, 553 DZ female, and 788 opposite-sex DZ twins). A general sex-limitation and the bivariate genotype by environment interaction (G×E) models were applied to the data. The general sex-limitation model showed no significant sex differences, indicating that additive genetic and non-shared environmental influences were, 38% (95% CI = 31, 46) and 62% (95% CI = 54, 69) for PB and 33% (95% CI = 24, 40) and 67% (95% CI = 60, 76) for FC in both sexes. These estimates were similar to those found in Western and Asian twin studies to date. The correlation between PB and FC was 0.36. The best-fitting bivariate G×E model indicated that FC significantly moderated non-shared environmental influence unique to PB (E×E interaction). Specifically, non-shared environmental contributions to PB were highest when FC was lowest, and decreased as the levels of FC increased. However, genetic variances in PB were stable across all levels of FC. These findings suggest that FC reduces individual differences in PB by changing non-shared environmental experiences rather than genetic factors in PB.

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“…All TM scores were corrected for the mother's age, the adolescent's age, the adolescent's sex, and the interaction of the adolescent's age and sex. All age and sex corrections were made by computing standardized partial residuals from the regression of scores on these variables (McGue & Bouchard, 1984).…”

Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Mothering of Adolescents: A Comparison of Two Samples.

Neiderhiser¹,

Reiss²,

Pedersen³

et al. 2004

Developmental Psychology

192

295

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This study examined 2 samples of adolescents and mothers using a child-based design (Nonshared Environment in Adolescent Development [NEAD] project, N = 395 families) and a parent-based design (Twin Moms [TM] project, N = 236 twin family pairs) to compare genetic and environmental influences on mothering. For both samples, the same measures of positivity, negativity, control, and monitoring were used. The use of matched child-based and parent-based samples enabled passive and nonpassive genotype-environment (GE) correlations to be approximated, providing information about process. Passive GE correlations were suggested for mother's positivity and monitoring. For mother's negativity and control, primarily nonpassive GE correlations were suggested. In several cases, both types of GE correlation were indicated. Finally, observer ratings of negativity and monitoring were influenced only by environmental factors.

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Adjustment of twin data for the effects of age and sex

Cited by 772 publications

References 3 publications

A Twin Study of Problematic Internet Use: Its Heritability and Genetic Association With Effortful Control

A Twin Study of Problematic Internet Use: Its Heritability and Genetic Association With Effortful Control

Perceived Family Cohesion Moderates Environmental Influences on Prosocial Behavior in Nigerian Adolescent Twins

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Mothering of Adolescents: A Comparison of Two Samples.

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