“…In 2009 and 2011, Felix Frolow and Amihay Freeman's group used both systematic mutation (Wine, Cohen-Hadar, Lamed, Freeman, & Frolow, 2009) and chemical modification (Cohen-Hadar, Lagziel-Simis, Wine, Frolow, & Freeman, 2011) of pore surface residues to alter the porosity of HEWL crystals in the interest of biotemplating applications. Furthermore, they determined that simple addition of various metal ions (Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ ) to the crystal growth environment could provide a strategy to "fine tune" the porosity of the resulting crystal (Wine et al, 2010).…”