Adipose Tissue in Metabolic Syndrome: Onset and Progression of Atherosclerosis

Luna-Luna, María; Moeini, Aida; Vargas‐Alarcón, Gilberto; Coss-Rovirosa, Fernanda; Vargas-Barrón, Jesús; Pérez-Méndez, Óscar

doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.05.007

Cited by 89 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 175 publications

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“…NAFLD is considered an early hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, with insulin resistance as a common pathophysiological mechanism 27–29. The metabolic syndrome is associated with subclinical inflammation, a prothrombotic state, and endocrine and hemodynamic alterations that may increase the risk of atherosclerosis 30 31. NAFLD is also associated with oxidative stress,32 with macrophage activation,33 and with endothelial dysfunction, all major mechanisms for atherosclerosis development 34 35.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and progression of coronary artery calcium score: a retrospective cohort study

Sinn

Kang

Chang

et al. 2016

Gut

138

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and progression of coronary artery calcium score: a retrospective cohort study

Sinn

Kang

Chang

et al. 2016

Gut

138

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“…6 In general, these two conditions begin to increase in abdominal adipose tissue which is more metabolically active, containing a higher amount of resident macrophages compared to other fat deposits. 7 Abdominal adiposity promotes inflammation and oxidative stress, which are precursors of various complications involving MetS components, namely insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia ( Figure 1). 8,9 Because MetS is associated with cardiovascular complications, the main cause of death worldwide, it is important to understand the factors that are involved in this disorder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of oxidative stress on the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome

Francisqueti

Chiaverini

Santos

et al. 2017

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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The role of oxidaTive sTress on The paThophysiology of meTabolic syndrome rev assoc Med Bras 2017; 63(1):85-91 85 REVIEW ARTICLEThe role of oxidative stress on the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has a high prevalence around the world. Considering the components used to classify MetS, it is clear that it is closely related to obesity. These two conditions begin with an increase in abdominal adipose tissue, which is metabolically more active, containing a greater amount of resident macrophages compared to other fat deposits. Abdominal adiposity promotes inflammation and oxidative stress, which are precursors of various complications involving MetS components, namely insulin resistance, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. One way to block the effects of oxidative stress would be through the antioxidant defense system, which offsets the excess free radicals. It is known that individuals with metabolic syndrome and obesity have high consumption of fats and sugars originated from processed foods containing high levels of sodium as well as low intake of fruits and vegetables, thus maintaining a state of oxidative stress, that can speed up the onset of MetS. Healthy eating habits could prevent or delay MetS by adding antioxidant-rich foods into the diet.

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“…The mechanisms linking obesity to its associated cardiometabolic diseases have not been fully elucidated; however, adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is known to play a central role (27). Meanwhile, physical activity improves metabolic health even when weight loss is not achieved by enhancing insulin sensitivity; and increasing evidence demonstrates an exercise-mediated decrease in white AT (WAT) inflammation in rodents and humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Diet versus Exercise on Metabolic Function and Gut Microbiota in Obese Rats

Welly

Liu

Zidon

et al. 2016

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Cardiometabolic impairments that begin early in life are particularly critical, as they often predict metabolic dysfunction into adulthood. Obesity, high-fat diet (HFD), and inactivity are all associated with adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and insulin resistance (IR), major predictors of metabolic dysfunction. Recent evidence also has associated the gut microbiome with cardiometabolic health. PURPOSE Compare equal energy deficits induced by exercise and caloric reduction on cardiometabolic disease risk parameters including AT inflammation, IR and gut microbiota changes during HFD consumption. METHODS Obesity-prone rats fed HFD were exercise trained (Ex, n=10) or weight-matched to Ex via caloric reduction while kept sedentary (WM, n=10), and compared to ad libitum HFD-fed (Sed, n=10) rats for IR, systemic energetics and spontaneous physical activity (SPA), adiposity, and fasting metabolic parameters. Visceral, subcutaneous, periaortic, and brown AT, liver, aorta, and cecal digesta were examined. RESULTS Despite identical reductions in adiposity, Ex, but not WM, improved IR, increased SPA by ~26% (p<0.05 compared to WM and Sed), and reduced LDL cholesterol (p<0.05 compared to Sed). WM and Ex both reduced inflammatory markers in all AT depots and aorta, while only Ex increased indicators of mitochondrial function in brown AT. Ex significantly increased the relative abundance of cecal Streptococcaceae and decreased S24-7 and one undefined genus in Rikenellacea; WM induced similar changes that did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Both Ex and WM reduced AT inflammation across depots, while Ex caused more robust changes to gut microbial communities, improved IR, increased fat oxidation, increased SPA, and increased indices of brown AT mitochondrial function. Our findings add to the growing body of literature indicating that there are weight-loss independent metabolic benefits of exercise.

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Adipose Tissue in Metabolic Syndrome: Onset and Progression of Atherosclerosis

Cited by 89 publications

References 175 publications

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and progression of coronary artery calcium score: a retrospective cohort study

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and progression of coronary artery calcium score: a retrospective cohort study

The role of oxidative stress on the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome

Comparison of Diet versus Exercise on Metabolic Function and Gut Microbiota in Obese Rats

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