Adiponectin: More Than Just Another Fat Cell Hormone?

Chandran, Manju; Phillips, Susan A.; Ciaraldi, Theodore P.; Henry, Robert R.

doi:10.2337/diacare.26.8.2442

Cited by 883 publications

(740 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…22,25,28,29,43 The associations between adiponectin and insulin sensitivity has been well established in animal and human models. 2,24 The strongest associations, however, were seen between adiponectin and triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol (components of the insulin resistance syndrome) and these relationships were independent of adiposity and insulin resistance as has been reported in other studies. [26][27][28]43 The mechanisms by which adiponectin may affect blood lipids are substantially unknown.…”

Section: Associations Of Adiponectin With Metabolic and Vascular Risksupporting

confidence: 71%

“…1,2 Adiponectin is exclusively produced by adipocytes and unlike other adipocyte hormones (adipokines), adiponectin concentrations are decreased in obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. [2][3][4] Furthermore, evidence (largely from animal models and experimental studies) suggests that adiponectin has potential antiatherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Low circulating adiponectin concentrations have been linked to endothelial dysfunction, [5][6][7][8] factors implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and diabetes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,24 In population-based studies, adiponectin is inversely associated with body mass index (BMI), insulin resistance, triglycerides, and positively associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, components of the metabolic syndrome. [25][26][27][28][29] Although adiponectin has been associated with markers of inflammation in particular, C-reactive protein (CRP) 30,31 associations with other proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) however have been less consistent 31 and based on small selected populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of adiponectin with metabolic and vascular risk parameters in the British Regional Heart Study reveal stronger links to insulin resistance-related than to coronory heart disease risk-related parameters

et al. 2007

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Background and aim: Adiponectin is considered by many to be part of the 'common soil' linking type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD). We examined the relationship between adiponectin and insulin resistance, metabolic, inflammatory and haemostatic risk factors and hepatic function. Methods and results: The study was carried out in 3640 non-diabetic men aged 60-79 years drawn from general practices in 24 British towns and who were not on warfarin. Adiponectin was associated with waist circumference (inversely), alcohol intake (positively) and physical activity (nonlinearly); no association was seen with cigarette smoking, prevalent CHD or stroke. After adjustment for these factors, adiponectin was significantly inversely associated with insulin resistance, triglyceride, C-reactive protein (but not interleukin 6), tissue plasminogen activator and alanine aminotransferase and positively associated with highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) and Factor VIII, factors associated with diabetes. No association was seen with cholesterol, smoking, systolic blood pressure or coagulation factors. Risk of the metabolic syndrome decreased significantly with increasing adiponectin. Conclusion: Adiponectin is inversely associated with factors strongly associated with the development of diabetes. Limited associations with the established major risk factors for CHD suggest adiponectin may be a stronger marker of risk for diabetes than for CHD.

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Section: Associations Of Adiponectin With Metabolic and Vascular Risksupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of adiponectin with metabolic and vascular risk parameters in the British Regional Heart Study reveal stronger links to insulin resistance-related than to coronory heart disease risk-related parameters

et al. 2007

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“…Adiponectin enhances insulin sensitivity in the liver and reduces hepatic glucose output, stimulates glucose use and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle, inhibits monocyte adhesion and decreases proliferation of migrating smooth muscle cells in the vascular wall where it also increases nitric oxide production in endothelial cells. 17,18 We have also shown that levels of adiponectin are strongly correlated with insulin sensitivity and low adiponectin was found in patients with IR. This is similar to the finding in Pima Indians 16 where it was shown that high adiponectin levels protects against the impairment of glucose metabolism in obese patients and reduces the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Adiponectin, insulin resistance and clinical expression of the metabolic syndrome in patients with Type 2 diabetes

et al. 2006

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Background: Obesity and the metabolic syndrome have emerged as clinical and public health crises in many populations, but not all obese patients have the syndrome. As adipocytes produce several adipokines that modulate insulin action as well as glucose and lipid metabolism, we postulate that estimation of adipokines may be useful addition to the criteria used to identify obese individuals with the metabolic syndrome. Objective: To evaluate the determinants and associations of plasma adiponectin in relation to the metabolic syndrome in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: General Teaching Hospital. Patients: One hundred and thirty five (57 M, 78 F) patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Measurements: Adiponectin, leptin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fasting plasma insulin, glucose, glycated hemoglobin and full lipid profile. Patients were classified on the basis of the degree of adiposity, insulin resistance (IR) (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)) and the number of the American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute criteria of the metabolic syndrome. Results: Adiponectin levels were inversely correlated with age, indices of obesity, IR and hs-CRP. Overweight/obese and nonobese insulin-sensitive patients had significantly higher (Po0.05) adiponectin levels than those with IR despite similar body mass index and waist circumference. Therefore, within each category of obesity stratification, lower adiponectin levels were associated with IR. Adiponectin showed stepwise decrease with increasing number of the criteria for diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome. Using multiple logistic regression, the odds ratio of the metabolic syndrome as predicted by adiponectin was 0.73 (95% confidence interval 0.53-0.96; P ¼ 0.04). At cutoff point of 18 ng/ml, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of adiponectin for the metabolic syndrome were 83 and 65%, respectively, in male patients and 92 and 41%, respectively, in female patients. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that adiponectin had significantly higher area under the curve compared with leptin, leptin:adiponectin ratio and triglycerides for the detection of the metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: In patients with Type 2 diabetes, adiponectin concentrations are closely related to IR and the components of the metabolic syndrome. Adiponectin concentration may be a useful addition to the criteria used for identifying obese subjects with the metabolic syndrome.

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“…8,9 Adiponectin, a plasma protein primarily synthesized in adipose tissue, has a broad range of actions including regulation of plasma glucose and lipid levels, endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory pathways. 10 Adiponectin levels are inversely correlated with visceral obesity, insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia 11 and increased markers of adiponectin have been associated with a decreased risk in coronary heart disease in diabetic men. 12 In endothelial cells adiponectin decreases VCAM-1 expression and NFkB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nebivolol in obese African Americans with hypertension (NOAAH): markers of inflammation and obesity in response to exercise-induced stress

Merchant

Rahman²,

Ferdinand

et al. 2010

J Hum Hypertens

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We sought to determine whether the antihypertensive drug nebivolol has beneficial effects on vascular markers of inflammation and oxidation in obese African-American patients with hypertension when exposed to exercise-induced stress. Forty-three obese, AfricanAmerican subjects with hypertension were treated with nebivolol (5-10 mg/day) for 8 weeks. Before treatment the subjects underwent an exercise treadmill study to a level of eight metabolic equivalents. Circulating levels of soluble interleukin-6 (sIL-6), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), adiponectin and leptin were measured at pre-treadmill, and 1 min, 30 min, 60 min and 24 h after treadmill. After the 8-week treatment period, exercise treadmill study and the measurement of markers were repeated. Treatment with nebivolol reduced levels of sVCAM-1 at pre-exercise by 21% and at 1 and 30 min by 12.5 and 20%, respectively (Po0.005 from corresponding time point). In nebivolol-treated patients there was a reduction in sIL-6 levels by 20% and preexercise and at 1 and 60 min by 19.7 and 33.5%, respectively (Po0.005 from corresponding time point). Treatment with nebivolol increased levels of serum adiponectin by 28% (P ¼ 0.012) and decreased levels of leptin by 32% (Po0.005 from pre-treatment). Treatment with nebivolol improves markers of inflammation and obesity in a high-risk African-American population. Moreover, this effect is potentiated in response to exercise-induced stress. These results suggest that nebivolol differentially regulates markers of inflammation and obesity, thereby providing vascular protection.

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Adiponectin: More Than Just Another Fat Cell Hormone?

Cited by 883 publications

References 76 publications

Associations of adiponectin with metabolic and vascular risk parameters in the British Regional Heart Study reveal stronger links to insulin resistance-related than to coronory heart disease risk-related parameters

Associations of adiponectin with metabolic and vascular risk parameters in the British Regional Heart Study reveal stronger links to insulin resistance-related than to coronory heart disease risk-related parameters

Adiponectin, insulin resistance and clinical expression of the metabolic syndrome in patients with Type 2 diabetes

Effects of nebivolol in obese African Americans with hypertension (NOAAH): markers of inflammation and obesity in response to exercise-induced stress

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