Adhesion in EPDM joints: Role of the interdiffusion mechanism on interfacial co-crosslinking

Impact of Base Rubber and Cure Systems in Additive Manufacturing of Fully Compounded Thermoset Elastomers

“…This behavior may contribute to the excellent adhesion and high strength retention observed in NBR-Sul samples across all printing orientations. In contrast, the relatively poor self-adhesion of EPDM compounds is well documented in the rubber literature, and EPDM formulations often require tackifiers to achieve sufficient self-adhesion [48, 52,53]. The absence of a tackifier in the EPDM compound used in this study may therefore have contributed to the lower degree of adhesion between neighboring printed layers.…”

“…The absence of a tackifier in the EPDM compound used in this study may therefore have contributed to the lower degree of adhesion between neighboring printed layers. Ruch et al attributed the insufficient self-adhesion of EPDM to its branching and high entanglement density, which could drastically reduce chain mobility across the interface [52]. Moreover, Bothe et al [54] found that crystallites present in unstretched EPDM hinder chain mobility.…”

Impact of Base Rubber and Cure Systems in Additive Manufacturing of Fully Compounded Thermoset Elastomers

“…This behavior may contribute to the excellent adhesion and high strength retention observed in NBR-Sul samples across all printing orientations. In contrast, the relatively poor self-adhesion of EPDM compounds is well documented in the rubber literature, and EPDM formulations often require tackifiers to achieve sufficient self-adhesion [48, 52,53]. The absence of a tackifier in the EPDM compound used in this study may therefore have contributed to the lower degree of adhesion between neighboring printed layers.…”

“…The absence of a tackifier in the EPDM compound used in this study may therefore have contributed to the lower degree of adhesion between neighboring printed layers. Ruch et al attributed the insufficient self-adhesion of EPDM to its branching and high entanglement density, which could drastically reduce chain mobility across the interface [52]. Moreover, Bothe et al [54] found that crystallites present in unstretched EPDM hinder chain mobility.…”

Triazolinedione-functionalized isoprene rubber composites with self-adhesion via cross-linking with zinc dimethacrylate

“…1 However, direct adhesion between cross-linked rubbers without pretreatment of their surfaces is extremely challenging due to the low mobility of polymer chains resulting from the cross-linking. [1][2][3][4][5] Thus, repair processes that involve adhesion between cured cross-linked rubbers, such as tyre retreading, are still limited by factors such as the complexity of the pretreatment process, curing temperature and time. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] One promising approach to achieve efficient direct adhesion between cross-linked rubbers without pretreatment is the incorporation of dissociative cross-linkages, 1,14-22 such as hydrogen bonds, [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] metal-ligand coordination bonds, 25,31,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] host-guest interactions, 46,47 dynamic covalent bonds, [48][49][50][51]…”

“…1 However, direct adhesion between cross-linked rubbers without pretreatment of their surfaces is extremely challenging due to the low mobility of polymer chains resulting from the cross-linking. 1–5 Thus, repair processes that involve adhesion between cured cross-linked rubbers, such as tyre retreading, are still limited by factors such as the complexity of the pretreatment process, curing temperature and time. 6–13…”

Tough tetrazine-functionalized styrene–butadiene rubber with self-adhesion through zinc–nitrogen coordination

“…Adhesion between cross-linked rubbers is one of the most important processes for engineering the manufacture of rubber products. 1 However, it is commonly known that direct adhesion between cross-linked rubbers without treatment of the rubber surfaces is quite difficult due to the restricted polymer-chain mobility on account of cross-linking, [1][2][3][4][5] and therefore, it is not surprising that pretreatment methods for rubber-surface modifications and adhesive technology have been widely studied. 1,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Nonetheless, repair processes, such as tyre retreading, for cured rubber products that involve an adhesion process between cross-linked rubbers are still limited given several issues with the processes, including curing temperature and time.…”

Impact of Base Rubber and Cure Systems in Additive Manufacturing of Fully Compounded Thermoset Elastomers

“…This behavior may contribute to the excellent adhesion and high strength retention observed in NBR-Sul samples across all printing orientations. In contrast, the relatively poor self-adhesion of EPDM compounds is well documented in the rubber literature, and EPDM formulations often require tackifiers to achieve sufficient self-adhesion [48, 52,53]. The absence of a tackifier in the EPDM compound used in this study may therefore have contributed to the lower degree of adhesion between neighboring printed layers.…”

“…The absence of a tackifier in the EPDM compound used in this study may therefore have contributed to the lower degree of adhesion between neighboring printed layers. Ruch et al attributed the insufficient self-adhesion of EPDM to its branching and high entanglement density, which could drastically reduce chain mobility across the interface [52]. Moreover, Bothe et al [54] found that crystallites present in unstretched EPDM hinder chain mobility.…”

Triazolinedione-functionalized isoprene rubber composites with self-adhesion via cross-linking with zinc dimethacrylate

“…1 However, direct adhesion between cross-linked rubbers without pretreatment of their surfaces is extremely challenging due to the low mobility of polymer chains resulting from the cross-linking. [1][2][3][4][5] Thus, repair processes that involve adhesion between cured cross-linked rubbers, such as tyre retreading, are still limited by factors such as the complexity of the pretreatment process, curing temperature and time. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] One promising approach to achieve efficient direct adhesion between cross-linked rubbers without pretreatment is the incorporation of dissociative cross-linkages, 1,14-22 such as hydrogen bonds, [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] metal-ligand coordination bonds, 25,31,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] host-guest interactions, 46,47 dynamic covalent bonds, [48][49][50][51]…”

“…1 However, direct adhesion between cross-linked rubbers without pretreatment of their surfaces is extremely challenging due to the low mobility of polymer chains resulting from the cross-linking. 1–5 Thus, repair processes that involve adhesion between cured cross-linked rubbers, such as tyre retreading, are still limited by factors such as the complexity of the pretreatment process, curing temperature and time. 6–13…”

Tough tetrazine-functionalized styrene–butadiene rubber with self-adhesion through zinc–nitrogen coordination

“…Adhesion between cross-linked rubbers is one of the most important processes for engineering the manufacture of rubber products. 1 However, it is commonly known that direct adhesion between cross-linked rubbers without treatment of the rubber surfaces is quite difficult due to the restricted polymer-chain mobility on account of cross-linking, [1][2][3][4][5] and therefore, it is not surprising that pretreatment methods for rubber-surface modifications and adhesive technology have been widely studied. 1,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Nonetheless, repair processes, such as tyre retreading, for cured rubber products that involve an adhesion process between cross-linked rubbers are still limited given several issues with the processes, including curing temperature and time.…”

Impact of Base Rubber and Cure Systems in Additive Manufacturing of Fully Compounded Thermoset Elastomers

“…This behavior may contribute to the excellent adhesion and high strength retention observed in NBR-Sul samples across all printing orientations. In contrast, the relatively poor self-adhesion of EPDM compounds is well documented in the rubber literature, and EPDM formulations often require tackifiers to achieve sufficient self-adhesion [48, 52,53]. The absence of a tackifier in the EPDM compound used in this study may therefore have contributed to the lower degree of adhesion between neighboring printed layers.…”

“…The absence of a tackifier in the EPDM compound used in this study may therefore have contributed to the lower degree of adhesion between neighboring printed layers. Ruch et al attributed the insufficient self-adhesion of EPDM to its branching and high entanglement density, which could drastically reduce chain mobility across the interface [52]. Moreover, Bothe et al [54] found that crystallites present in unstretched EPDM hinder chain mobility.…”

Triazolinedione-functionalized isoprene rubber composites with self-adhesion via cross-linking with zinc dimethacrylate

“…1 However, direct adhesion between cross-linked rubbers without pretreatment of their surfaces is extremely challenging due to the low mobility of polymer chains resulting from the cross-linking. [1][2][3][4][5] Thus, repair processes that involve adhesion between cured cross-linked rubbers, such as tyre retreading, are still limited by factors such as the complexity of the pretreatment process, curing temperature and time. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] One promising approach to achieve efficient direct adhesion between cross-linked rubbers without pretreatment is the incorporation of dissociative cross-linkages, 1,14-22 such as hydrogen bonds, [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] metal-ligand coordination bonds, 25,31,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] host-guest interactions, 46,47 dynamic covalent bonds, [48][49][50][51]…”

“…1 However, direct adhesion between cross-linked rubbers without pretreatment of their surfaces is extremely challenging due to the low mobility of polymer chains resulting from the cross-linking. 1–5 Thus, repair processes that involve adhesion between cured cross-linked rubbers, such as tyre retreading, are still limited by factors such as the complexity of the pretreatment process, curing temperature and time. 6–13…”

Tough tetrazine-functionalized styrene–butadiene rubber with self-adhesion through zinc–nitrogen coordination

“…Adhesion between cross-linked rubbers is one of the most important processes for engineering the manufacture of rubber products. 1 However, it is commonly known that direct adhesion between cross-linked rubbers without treatment of the rubber surfaces is quite difficult due to the restricted polymer-chain mobility on account of cross-linking, [1][2][3][4][5] and therefore, it is not surprising that pretreatment methods for rubber-surface modifications and adhesive technology have been widely studied. 1,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Nonetheless, repair processes, such as tyre retreading, for cured rubber products that involve an adhesion process between cross-linked rubbers are still limited given several issues with the processes, including curing temperature and time.…”