Adherence to low carbohydrate diet in relation to glioma: A case-control study

Ebrahimpour-Koujan, Soraiya; Shayanfar, Mehdi; Benisi-Kohansal, Sanaz; Mohammad-Shirazi, Minoo; Sharifi, Giuve; Esmaillzadeh, Ahmad

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.11.023

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Similar to present project, other publications have been derived from this dataset. Considering the findings of previous studies, this sample size showed a good expected association in previous publications [ 36 – 38 ]. Therefore, it seems that this sample size is sufficient for the life style factors.…”

Section: Participants and Methodssupporting

confidence: 63%

A combined healthy lifestyle score in relation to glioma: a case-control study

Ebrahimpour-Koujan

Shayanfar

Mohammad-Shirazi

et al. 2022

Nutr J

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Background The evidence on the association between adherence to a healthy lifestyle and risk of glioma are scarce. This is particularly relevant to Middle Eastern countries where lifestyle factors including dietary intakes, physical activity and environmental contributors are different from other parts of the world. The aim of this case-control study was, therefore, investigating the association between adherence to a healthy lifestyle and odds of glioma among adults. Methods Totally, 128 newly diagnosed glioma cases and 256 age- and sex-matched controls were recruited in this hospital-based case-control study. Dietary intakes were examined by the use of a 126-item validated FFQ. International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used for measuring physical activity of participants. To construct a healthy lifestyle score (HLS), data from dietary intakes, physical activity and BMI were used. Subjects in the low risk categories of the mentioned components received the score of 1, otherwise they received the score of 0. The final HLS was computed through summing up the scores of components. Results After adjustment for age and sex, we found that individuals with the highest HLS score were 55% less likely to have glioma compared with those with the lowest score (OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.92). Additional controlling for other potential confounders made the association stronger (OR: 0.28; 95%CI: 0.12, 0.66). In terms of individual components of healthy lifestyle score, subjects with a healthy diet had 54% lower odds of glioma than those with a non-healthy diet (OR: 0.46; 95%CI: 0.26, 0.80). No significant associations were seen between physical activity level or BMI status and glioma. Conclusion We found evidence indicating that adherence to a healthy lifestyle, in particular a healthy diet, was associated with a lower odds of glioma. Prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.

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Section: Participants and Methodssupporting

confidence: 63%

A combined healthy lifestyle score in relation to glioma: a case-control study

Ebrahimpour-Koujan

Shayanfar

Mohammad-Shirazi

et al. 2022

Nutr J

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“…In light of the fact that dietary components are consumed in the context of mixed meals with their probable additive or synergistic effects on each other 11 , assessment of the role of dietary patterns in the pathogenesis of health outcomes is a priority. In this regard, greater adherence to the low carbohydrate diet 12 , Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-style pattern 13 , and Mediterranean diet 14 were inversely associated with the odds of glioma. In contrast, a positive relationship was reported between dietary inflammatory index and risk of glioma in earlier studies 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to plant-based dietary patterns in relation to glioma: a case–control study

Mousavi

Shayanfar

Rigi

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Available evidence suggests a favorable association between adherence to a plant-based diet and disease prevention, but data on the link between such dietary intakes and cancer are scarce. We examined the association between the overall plant-based diet (PDI), healthy plant-based diet (hPDI), and unhealthy plant-based diet (uPDI) and risk of glioma. This case–control study was conducted on 128 newly diagnosed glioma patients, and 256 hospital-based controls. Cases were diagnosed by pathological test and controls were selected from hospitalized people in orthopedic and surgical wards. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated Block-format 123-items food frequency questionnaire. Scores of plant-based dietary patterns were calculated using the method suggested by Satija et al. After controlling for potential confounders, individuals with higher scores of PDI (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.32–0.91, P-trend < 0.001) and hPDI (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.18–0.57, P-trend < 0.001) had significantly lower odds of glioma compared with those with the lowest scores. This association did not change in the fully adjusted model; such that subjects in the highest tertile of PDI and hPDI were 69% and 71% less likely to have glioma compared with those in the lowest tertile. In contrast, higher scores of uPDI was significantly associated with a greater odds of glioma (OR: 2.85, 95% CI: 1.26–6.47, P-trend = 0.02). Adherence to PDI and hPDI was associated with a lower odds of glioma, while greater adherence to uPDI was directly associated with the likelihood of glioma. Further prospective cohort studies are needed to examine our findings.

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“…The survival interval of patients with gliomas on common therapy is between 12 and 15 months [ 13 ]. With the implementation of KD, it was possible to verify that survival in the studies by Champ et al and van der Louw et al 2019b corresponded to this interval [ 16 ], with no improvement in comparison to the survival time considered in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gliomas are primary, heterogeneous, invasive, and aggressive malignancies, which encompass most central nervous system tumors [ 1 , 5 , 13 ]. They originate from glial cells or stem cells, and after neoplastic transformation, acquire glial cell characteristics [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of the Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Gliomas: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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The ketogenic diet (KD) is a restrictive therapeutic diet, distinguished by being hyperlipidic, normoproteic, and hypoglucidic. This diet simulates biochemical changes related to fasting periods to achieve systemic ketosis. The metabolic particularities of glioma tumors motivated the rise in investigations and nutritional strategies, such as KD, to modulate the glycemic response as a treatment. This systematic review followed the PRISMA recommendations and was published in PROSPERO, with the identification CRD42021264173. The databases used were EMBASE, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science, and the studies were analyzed using the web-based application Rayyan. To analyze the risk of bias, Cochrane RevMan 5 software was used. For the analysis and treatment of statistical data, Microsoft® Excel® was used. A total of nine original articles were included. Data on survival, symptomology, and quality of life were collected. Mean overall survival was 15.9 months. Constipation and fatigue were the most reported symptoms. In 44.4% of the studies, an improvement in the quality of life was found. The KD is supported by most published studies as an effective therapy in the treatment of malignant gliomas due to its positive effects on patient survival. It was not possible to conclude the effectiveness of KD on quality of life.

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Adherence to low carbohydrate diet in relation to glioma: A case-control study

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

A combined healthy lifestyle score in relation to glioma: a case-control study

A combined healthy lifestyle score in relation to glioma: a case-control study

Adherence to plant-based dietary patterns in relation to glioma: a case–control study

Effects of the Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Gliomas: A Systematic Review

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