ADHD Subtypes and Comorbid Anxiety, Depression, and Oppositional-Defiant Disorder: Differences in Sleep Problems

Mayes, Susan Dickerson; Calhoun, Susan L.; Bixler, Edward O.; Vgontzas, Alexandros N.; Mahr, Fauzia; Hillwig-Garcia, Jolene; Elamir, Belal; Edhere-Ekezie, Linda; Parvin, Matthew M.

doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsn083

Cited by 193 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The prevalence of sleep problems was reported to vary between the subtypes of ADHD; however, the prevalence was higher in the combined type [41]. Similarly, in our study 77.1% (n = 64) of children were diagnosed as having combined type ADHD and sleep problems were more frequent in combined-type and hyperactivity-type ADHD compared with inattentive type.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Behavioural sleep problems in previously untreated children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Eyüboğlu

2017

Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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OBJECTIVE: Although sleep symptoms are not included in the diagnostic criteria of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), these problems are common in children with ADHD. The presence of sleep problems was associated with impairment in functionality and increase in ADHD intensity. The aims of the study were to evaluate sleep problems of children with ADHD who had never received any psychiatric treatment and investigate the effects of these problems in functionality. METHODS: The present study included 83 children who were diagnosed as having ADHD and had never received any psychiatric treatment. The control group consisted of 106 healthy children. Psychiatric diagnostic interview was applied to all children. The parents completed the Conner's Parent Questionnaire to evaluate the intensity of ADHD in the children, the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) to evaluate sleep problems, and the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale to evaluate the functionality of the children. RESULTS: The total scores of subscale and scales of CSHQ were significantly higher in the study group. ADHD children slept 1 hour later and sleep quantity was 1.5 hours less than the control group. There was a significant correlation between sleep problems, ADHD severity, and functionality of these children. CONCLUSIONS:The results demonstrated that children with ADHD experienced more sleep problems and slept less than the children in the healthy control group, and functional impairments increased due to these problems. Another important finding is that sleep problems are not related to drug use. Maintaining sleep hygiene or interventions against sleep problems may increase sleep quality and may improve self and family functionality. Therefore, the standardized sleep evaluation must be performed in cooperation with parents in all children with ADHD. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Behavioural sleep problems in previously untreated children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Eyüboğlu

2017

Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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“…The condition is often diagnosed through a rigorous set of criteria at a young age, usually between the ages of three and six (NIMH 2009). The potential for comorbidities is extremely high in this population and they are present in almost two-thirds of pediatric ADHD cases, with the most common being oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) (50%), conduct disorder (CD) (35%), anxiety disorder (33%), and depression (33%) (AHRQ 1999;Mayes 2009). The symptoms of ADHD have been shown to permeate a child's performance across multiple settings, having long-term effects on their academic performance and social development.…”

Section: B a C K G R O U N D Description Of The Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents

Punja

Shamseer

Hartling

et al. 2012

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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“…Various forms of sleep problems have been concurrently linked to other problem behaviours in adolescence and adulthood, particularly substance use (Brower 2001;Johnson and Breslau 2001;Vignau et al 1997), internalizing (Gregory et al 2005) and externalizing problems (Mayes et al 2009). The relationship between sleep problems and substance use in adults appears to have a reciprocal nature: the pharmacological effects of substances directly affect sleep during the subsequent night, and sleep problems predict substance use (problems) over time (Brower 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Relationships Between Sleep Problems and Substance Use, Internalizing and Externalizing Problems

Pieters

Burk

Vorst

et al. 2014

J Youth Adolescence

105

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While research has shown that sleep problems and substance use are reciprocally associated in adults, much less is known about this association in early adolescence. The main aim of the current longitudinal study was to explore bidirectional relationships between sleep problems, substance use, internalizing and externalizing problems in young adolescents. A prospective design was used incorporating two waves (approximately 1 year interval). A total of 555 young adolescents (290 females, M age = 13.96) participated in this study. All participants completed self-report measures in classrooms during regular school hours (questionnaires about sleep quality and sleep hygiene were used to measure sleep problems). The results indicated that sleep problems predicted changes in substance use, internalizing and externalizing problems over time, but problem behaviours did not predict changes in sleep problems, adjusted for gender, age and puberty. One exception was that alcohol use negatively predicted changes in sleep problems. This study suggests that sleep problems are important precursors of substance use, internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescence.

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ADHD Subtypes and Comorbid Anxiety, Depression, and Oppositional-Defiant Disorder: Differences in Sleep Problems

Abstract: Differences in sleep problems were found as a function of ADHD subtype, comorbidity, and medication.

Cited by 193 publications

References 67 publications

Behavioural sleep problems in previously untreated children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Behavioural sleep problems in previously untreated children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents

Prospective Relationships Between Sleep Problems and Substance Use, Internalizing and Externalizing Problems

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