Adenoviral gizzard erosions in Italian chicken flocks

Manarolla, G.; Pisoni, G.; Moroni, P.; Gallazzi, D.; Sironi, G.; Rampin, T.

doi:10.1136/vr.164.24.754

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…The full genome sequence of the FAdV-1-61/11z virus strain was reported by Matczuk et al in 2017 [22]. Interestingly, some strains of FAdV-8a may be implicated in the development of GEU [16,17,19] and IBH [14,21,23,24,37]. Adenoviruses have been suggested to play a role in immunodeficiency [24,28,35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative pathogenicity analysis of two adenovirus strains, 1/A and 8a/E, isolated from poultry in Poland

Niczyporuk

Czekaj

2018

Arch Virol

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Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) are the causative agents of multietiological syndromes and diseases in poultry flocks. During a routine diagnostic examination, two FAdVs strains were isolated. Molecular typing of these isolates based on the partial loop L1 HVR1-4 region of the hexon gene sequence revealed the presence of different FAdV isolates: 1/A-61/11z (GenBank accession number KX247012, APP94082), and 8a/E-6/12j (GenBank accession number: KP890032, ALB00550), and comparative genome analysis indicated small differences between these two viruses. The next step of the study was the estimation of the pathogenicity of these isolates in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. Chickens were divided into three groups, with 20 chickens per group infected intraperitoneally on the first day after hatching. Group I consisted of chickens infected with strain FAdV-1/A-61/11z, group II consisted of chickens infected with strain FAdV-8a/E-6/12j, and group III consisted of uninfected birds. Clinical signs observed in infected chickens included poor growth, apathy, prostration, ruffled feathers, crouching position, and huddling behavior. The mortality rate in chickens infected with FAdV-1/A-61/11z was 10% at 10 days postinfection (dpi), and no mortality was observed in chickens infected with the FAdV-8a-6/12j strain. The mean real-time PCR threshold cycle (Ct) value was 39.70%. The detection limit of these assays was 8 copies, with an efficiency of 91.03% and 95.17% and regression square (R2) values of 0.991 and 0.997, respectively, with a mean pathogen load of 4.8 × 10 6.0 copies/µl. The assays did not demonstrate cross-reactivity between types 1/A and 8a/E and non-targeted poultry viruses. Adenoviral DNA was detected in the liver, spleen, kidney, gizzard, intestine, bursa of Fabricius, and thymus of every examined dead and euthanized chicken from groups I and II between the third and fourth week postinfection. This is the first study conducted on the pathogenic and apathogenic strains FAdV-1/A and FAdV-8a/E, showing the presence of the virus in multiple tissues in chickens in Poland. This study revealed that it is very likely that the FAdV-1/A-61/11z strain is able to cause clinical inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) in chickens and that it is slightly more virulent than the FAdV-8a/E-6/12j strain, although both are primary pathogens of the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative pathogenicity analysis of two adenovirus strains, 1/A and 8a/E, isolated from poultry in Poland

Niczyporuk

Czekaj

2018

Arch Virol

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“…Results on the genetic heterogeneity of the hexon region of FAdV-1 isolates from birds with gizzard erosions compared to the CELO strain are in agreement with a previously published study on FAdV-1 isolates from Italy. 8 When based on the hexon region, the isolates were more closely related to the CELO strain; however, when based on the long and short fiber genes, the isolates were more closely related to the Ote strain. In the present study, specific mutations could not be linked to the existence of gizzard erosions.…”

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confidence: 91%

“…11 Recently, gizzard erosions associated with FAdV-1 infection have been described in chickens in Italy and Poland. 7,8 It is believed that chicken embryo lethal orphan (CELO), a European reference FAdV-1 strain, does not induce gizzard erosions in chickens, similar to Ote (the FAdV-1 reference strain commonly used in Japan). The current report describes the detection and identification of FAdV-1 in samples from broiler chickens with gizzard erosions from several European countries.…”

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Comparison of the Fibers of Fowl Adenovirus A Serotype 1 Isolates from Chickens with Gizzard Erosions in Europe and Apathogenic Reference Strains

et al. 2010

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Abstract. A total of 18 samples from 4 outbreaks of gizzard erosions in broiler chickens in Europe were used in the current study. Fowl adenoviruses were found in samples from all 4 outbreaks, and isolates were identified as Fowl adenovirus A (FAdV-A) serotype 1. As described earlier, polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the long fiber gene was conducted. However, all 18 samples showed the same pattern as apathogenic FAdV-1 strains: Ote and chicken embryo lethal orphan (CELO) viruses. Nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the long and short fiber of several isolates from broiler chickens with gizzard erosions were analyzed, and 100% identity between the field isolates on the protein level was revealed. Only 1 nonsynonymous mutation (TRA) was present in the long fiber of studied isolates compared to the CELO strain. The same mutation was also present in the Ote strain. Four nonsynonymous mutations were present in the long fiber of studied isolates compared to Ote strain. In the short fiber, 6 nonsynonymous mutations were found in the studied isolates compared to the CELO strain. However, the short fiber of pathogenic isolates was 100% identical to apathogenic Ote strain. In conclusion, the usefulness of PCR-RFLP analysis of the long fiber gene of FAdV-1 isolates in distinguishing between those that induce gizzard erosions and those that do not remains questionable for the isolates obtained from European poultry flocks. The role of certain FAdV-1 strains with their long and short fiber in pathogenicity regarding gizzard erosions is still not clear.

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“…Strains belonging to serotype FAdV-1, representing FAdV-A and serotype FAdV-8 of FAdV-E are responsible mainly for gizzard erosion and ulceration (GEU) [15,16]. GEU has been associated with FAdV-A infections in chickens in Japan, Europe [9,20], and Korea [8]. Serotype FAdV-4 (FAdV-C) can cause hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic and geographic analysis of fowl adenovirus field strains isolated from poultry in Poland

Niczyporuk

2015

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Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) are widely distributed in chickens in Poland and throughout the world. FAdV infections have been reported in the United States, Australia, Europe, and the Mediterranean basin. Detection of FAdVs strains is very important from the epidemiological point of view and for monitoring disease outbreaks and developing strategies for vaccine development. Several molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic studies have been performed, but the results obtained are still limited, because FAdV strains, even of the same serotype, have very diverse characteristics. Some strains are pathogenic and some are nonpathogenic. This report describes the successful isolation of 96 FAdV field strains from chickens in Poland. A PCR assay specific for the L1 loop region of the hexon gene was conducted, and the products were subjected to sequence analysis. The sequences were analysed using BLAST and Geneious 6.0 software and compared to adenovirus field and reference strain sequences from different parts of the world that are accessible in the NCBI GenBank database. The sequences of the adenovirus strains indicated that they belonged to five species, Fowl aviadenovirus A-E, represented by eight serotypes FAdV-1, FAdV-4, FAdV-5, FAdV-7, FAdV-8a, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-2/11 (FAdV-D). The relationships between FAdVs isolated in Poland and isolates from other regions of the world were determined.

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Adenoviral gizzard erosions in Italian chicken flocks

Cited by 29 publications

References 7 publications

A comparative pathogenicity analysis of two adenovirus strains, 1/A and 8a/E, isolated from poultry in Poland

A comparative pathogenicity analysis of two adenovirus strains, 1/A and 8a/E, isolated from poultry in Poland

Comparison of the Fibers of Fowl Adenovirus A Serotype 1 Isolates from Chickens with Gizzard Erosions in Europe and Apathogenic Reference Strains

Phylogenetic and geographic analysis of fowl adenovirus field strains isolated from poultry in Poland

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