Adenosine's role in the central actions of the benzodiazepines

IV ATP Potentiates Midazolam Sedation as Assessed by Bispectral Index

“…13 Benzodiazepines, including midazolam, potently inhibit adenosine uptake, 14 thereby accumulating extracellular concentration of adenosine, and thus potentiating the actions of adenosine. Also, several effects of benzodiazepines are antagonized by adenosine receptor antagonists caffeine or theophylline.…”

“…Also, several effects of benzodiazepines are antagonized by adenosine receptor antagonists caffeine or theophylline. 13,15,16 Thus, the sedative effect of benzodiazepines could be related, in large part, to their inhibition of adenosine uptake. 13,14,16 In the present study, ATP infusion interacted favorably with midazolam, producing significant enhancement of midazolam sedation without further aggravating cardiorespiratory depression.…”

“…13,15,16 Thus, the sedative effect of benzodiazepines could be related, in large part, to their inhibition of adenosine uptake. 13,14,16 In the present study, ATP infusion interacted favorably with midazolam, producing significant enhancement of midazolam sedation without further aggravating cardiorespiratory depression. The cardiorespiratory stimulant effects of adenosine appeared to interact favorably with depressant effects of midazolam, thus counteracting the cardiorespiratory depressant effects of midazolam.…”

IV ATP Potentiates Midazolam Sedation as Assessed by Bispectral Index

“…13 Benzodiazepines, including midazolam, potently inhibit adenosine uptake, 14 thereby accumulating extracellular concentration of adenosine, and thus potentiating the actions of adenosine. Also, several effects of benzodiazepines are antagonized by adenosine receptor antagonists caffeine or theophylline.…”

“…Also, several effects of benzodiazepines are antagonized by adenosine receptor antagonists caffeine or theophylline. 13,15,16 Thus, the sedative effect of benzodiazepines could be related, in large part, to their inhibition of adenosine uptake. 13,14,16 In the present study, ATP infusion interacted favorably with midazolam, producing significant enhancement of midazolam sedation without further aggravating cardiorespiratory depression.…”

“…13,15,16 Thus, the sedative effect of benzodiazepines could be related, in large part, to their inhibition of adenosine uptake. 13,14,16 In the present study, ATP infusion interacted favorably with midazolam, producing significant enhancement of midazolam sedation without further aggravating cardiorespiratory depression. The cardiorespiratory stimulant effects of adenosine appeared to interact favorably with depressant effects of midazolam, thus counteracting the cardiorespiratory depressant effects of midazolam.…”

Exogenous adenosine potentiates hypnosis induced by intravenous anaesthetics

“…Benzodiazepines may potentiate the effects of adenosine by inhibiting adenosine re‐uptake and the depressant effects of these compounds may be the direct effect of an increase in extracellular adenosine levels [14, 15]. Therefore, adenosine uptake inhibition may play an important role in central actions of benzodiazepines [7, 16]. It was also shown that concurrent injections of adenosine and diazepam, at doses which had no significant effect on locomotor activity when given alone, acted synergistically to produce a marked depression of locomotor activity [17].…”

Adenosine Signaling in Anxiety

“…In addition to their potentiation of GABA A receptor-mediated signaling, benzodiazepines (BZDs) are known to inhibit adenosine uptake, and several authors have suggested that this action may underlie, at least in part, the anxiolytic effect of these agents (Bruns et al, 1983;Phillis, 1984;Phillis and O'Regan, 1988). Indeed, diazepam and adenosine share a similar physico-chemical structure (Bruns et al, 1983).…”

IV ATP Potentiates Midazolam Sedation as Assessed by Bispectral Index

“…13 Benzodiazepines, including midazolam, potently inhibit adenosine uptake, 14 thereby accumulating extracellular concentration of adenosine, and thus potentiating the actions of adenosine. Also, several effects of benzodiazepines are antagonized by adenosine receptor antagonists caffeine or theophylline.…”

“…Also, several effects of benzodiazepines are antagonized by adenosine receptor antagonists caffeine or theophylline. 13,15,16 Thus, the sedative effect of benzodiazepines could be related, in large part, to their inhibition of adenosine uptake. 13,14,16 In the present study, ATP infusion interacted favorably with midazolam, producing significant enhancement of midazolam sedation without further aggravating cardiorespiratory depression.…”

“…13,15,16 Thus, the sedative effect of benzodiazepines could be related, in large part, to their inhibition of adenosine uptake. 13,14,16 In the present study, ATP infusion interacted favorably with midazolam, producing significant enhancement of midazolam sedation without further aggravating cardiorespiratory depression. The cardiorespiratory stimulant effects of adenosine appeared to interact favorably with depressant effects of midazolam, thus counteracting the cardiorespiratory depressant effects of midazolam.…”

Exogenous adenosine potentiates hypnosis induced by intravenous anaesthetics

“…Benzodiazepines may potentiate the effects of adenosine by inhibiting adenosine re‐uptake and the depressant effects of these compounds may be the direct effect of an increase in extracellular adenosine levels [14, 15]. Therefore, adenosine uptake inhibition may play an important role in central actions of benzodiazepines [7, 16]. It was also shown that concurrent injections of adenosine and diazepam, at doses which had no significant effect on locomotor activity when given alone, acted synergistically to produce a marked depression of locomotor activity [17].…”

Adenosine Signaling in Anxiety

“…In addition to their potentiation of GABA A receptor-mediated signaling, benzodiazepines (BZDs) are known to inhibit adenosine uptake, and several authors have suggested that this action may underlie, at least in part, the anxiolytic effect of these agents (Bruns et al, 1983;Phillis, 1984;Phillis and O'Regan, 1988). Indeed, diazepam and adenosine share a similar physico-chemical structure (Bruns et al, 1983).…”

IV ATP Potentiates Midazolam Sedation as Assessed by Bispectral Index

“…13 Benzodiazepines, including midazolam, potently inhibit adenosine uptake, 14 thereby accumulating extracellular concentration of adenosine, and thus potentiating the actions of adenosine. Also, several effects of benzodiazepines are antagonized by adenosine receptor antagonists caffeine or theophylline.…”

“…Also, several effects of benzodiazepines are antagonized by adenosine receptor antagonists caffeine or theophylline. 13,15,16 Thus, the sedative effect of benzodiazepines could be related, in large part, to their inhibition of adenosine uptake. 13,14,16 In the present study, ATP infusion interacted favorably with midazolam, producing significant enhancement of midazolam sedation without further aggravating cardiorespiratory depression.…”

“…13,15,16 Thus, the sedative effect of benzodiazepines could be related, in large part, to their inhibition of adenosine uptake. 13,14,16 In the present study, ATP infusion interacted favorably with midazolam, producing significant enhancement of midazolam sedation without further aggravating cardiorespiratory depression. The cardiorespiratory stimulant effects of adenosine appeared to interact favorably with depressant effects of midazolam, thus counteracting the cardiorespiratory depressant effects of midazolam.…”

Exogenous adenosine potentiates hypnosis induced by intravenous anaesthetics

“…Benzodiazepines may potentiate the effects of adenosine by inhibiting adenosine re‐uptake and the depressant effects of these compounds may be the direct effect of an increase in extracellular adenosine levels [14, 15]. Therefore, adenosine uptake inhibition may play an important role in central actions of benzodiazepines [7, 16]. It was also shown that concurrent injections of adenosine and diazepam, at doses which had no significant effect on locomotor activity when given alone, acted synergistically to produce a marked depression of locomotor activity [17].…”

Adenosine Signaling in Anxiety

“…In addition to their potentiation of GABA A receptor-mediated signaling, benzodiazepines (BZDs) are known to inhibit adenosine uptake, and several authors have suggested that this action may underlie, at least in part, the anxiolytic effect of these agents (Bruns et al, 1983;Phillis, 1984;Phillis and O'Regan, 1988). Indeed, diazepam and adenosine share a similar physico-chemical structure (Bruns et al, 1983).…”