Addressing sustainable ruminal methane and carbon dioxide emissions of soybean hulls by organic acid salts

Abstract

The current study aimed to study the sustainable mitigation of methane (CH 4) and carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions as well as ruminal fermentation kinetics by replacing dietary corn grain (CG) with soybean hulls (SH) in the presence of organic acid salts (OAS). Three total mixed rations were prepared where CG was replaced with SH at three levels (/kg DM): 0 g (Control), 75 g (SH75) or 150 g (SH150). The OAS was used at three levels (dose): 0, 5 and 10 mg/g DM of substrates. Increasing SH level increased (P < 0.05) the fractional rate of gas production (GP) and lag time. The SH75 and SH150 rations quadratically decreased (P < 0.001) the asymptotic CO 2 production and the lag time of CO 2 production. Moreover, the high level of OAS quadratically decreased (P 0.05) CO 2 production. The OAS inclusion increased (P < 0.05) CH 4 production (expressed as mL/g incubated DM and mL/g degraded DM). Increasing SH in the rations increased (P < 0.05) proportional CH 4 production. Inclusion of OAS also increased proportional CH 4 production. Replacing corn grain with soybean hulls could be a valuable means of sustainable mitigation of CH 4 and CO 2 emissions and improvement of the environmental conditions as well as provision of good feedstuff for ruminant livestock due to its in vitro fermentation characteristics. The organic acid salts did not affect ruminal gas production but decreased CO 2 emissions; thus its supplementation when soybean hulls replace corn grain is perhaps redundant, though may be considered as environmental friendly way of feeding livestock.

Influence of Aguamiel ( Agave atrovirens ) as a Natural Feed Additive on Cecal Fermentation Kinetics of Some Forage Species in Horse Feeding

“…Lower lag time of Salix babylonica indicates that the forage facilitates the access of microorganisms and promotes faster microbial adaptation, in consonance with previous reports [29,32]. The low dose of aguamiel (34 mg/g DM) increased the lag time relative to the control dose, whereas the high dose (68 mg/g DM) reduced it implying that higher dose of aguamiel induced microbial adaptation [32] and has the tendency to make a greater proportion of nutrients available [33]. Caesalpinia coriacea forage decreased the asymptotic CH 4 and lag time of CH 4 productions but increased the rate of CH 4 production, but the reverse was the case for Moringa oleifera.…”

Effectiveness of xylanase and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as feed additives on gas emissions from agricultural calf farms

“…Apart from the impacts of GHG, enteric CH 4 emission contributes to a loss of net feed energy that cannot be used in ruminant animals for production purposes (Johnson and Johnson, 1995). Because of these challenges, intensive research efforts are recently directed towards ruminant animals CH 4 mitigation (Elghandour et al, 2016b). The use of in vitro GP technique is a powerful, simple and sensitive screening method for evaluating substrate fermentation or degradation and for monitoring the efficacy of feed additives and GHG production (Elghandour et al, 2016c).…”

Assessment of some browse tree leaves on gas production and sustainable mitigation of CH4 and CO2 emissions in dairy calves at different age

“…A reduced CH 4 production was observed with the incubated tree leaves when being compared with alfalfa hay, where most of produced CH 4 was noted at late hours of incubation. This is normal in ruminant (Elghandour et al, 2016a) and also in nonruminant animals . Greenhouse gases especially CH 4 and CO 2 are produced in rumen during the feed fermentation and degradation.…”

“…Additionally, emissions of GHG from ruminant manures and urine to the environment affect not only the water quality but also the human health. At present, there is growing interest to reduce the emission of GHG by ruminants without affecting rumen function (Elghandour et al, 2016a).…”