Additive manufacturing of metamaterials: A review

Askari, Meisam; Hutchins, David A.; Thomas, Peter J.; Astolfi, Lorenzo; Watson, Richard L.; Abdi, Meisam; Ricci, Marco; Laureti, Stefano; Nie, Luzhen; Freear, Steven; Wildman, Ricky; Tuck, Christopher; Clarke, Matt; Woods, Emma; Clare, Adam T.

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2020.101562

Cited by 188 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 290 publications

(490 reference statements)

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“…It is interesting to note that considering various possible stiffness tensors, Milton and Cherkaev [64] proposed a model called nowadays a pentamode metamaterial with fluid-like properties, so it could be also called a metafluid [65]. Nowadays using additive technologies such structures can be relatively easily reproduced [66, 67].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local material symmetry group for first- and second-order strain gradient fluids

Eremeyev

2021

Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids

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Using an unified approach based on the local material symmetry group introduced for general first- and second-order strain gradient elastic media, we analyze the constitutive equations of strain gradient fluids. For the strain gradient medium there exists a strain energy density dependent on first- and higher-order gradients of placement vector, whereas for fluids a strain energy depends on a current mass density and its gradients. Both models found applications to modeling of materials with complex inner structure such as beam-lattice metamaterials and fluids at small scales. The local material symmetry group is formed through such transformations of a reference placement which cannot be experimentally detected within the considered material model. We show that considering maximal symmetry group, i.e. material with strain energy that is independent of the choice of a reference placement, one comes to the constitutive equations of gradient fluids introduced independently on general strain gradient continua.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local material symmetry group for first- and second-order strain gradient fluids

Eremeyev

2021

Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids

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“…It is important to note that such techniques suffer from limited build volume, low-throughput speed, problems in scalability, and high manufacturing cost. While such deposition techniques have their advantages, the choice of fabrication method is a critical choice that dictates the resolution, material, and working frequency of the resultant metamaterial [7]. Current challenges in the field of metamaterial coatings are their manufacturing in micro-to millimeter-length scale, including technologies and approaches to combine and repeat with variation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-scale manufacturing route to metamaterial coatings using thermal spray techniques and their response to solar radiation

et al. 2021

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Metamaterials, an artificial periodic two- or three-dimensional configuration, can change propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves (i.e., reflection, transmission, absorption). The current challenges in the field of metamaterial coatings are their manufacturing in a large-scale and large-length scale. There is a clear need to enhance process technologies and scalability of these. Thermal spraying is a method used to deposit small- to large-scale coatings where the sprayed layer is typically formed by the successive impact of fully or partially molten particles of a material exposed to various process conditions. This work aims to investigate the feasibility to manufacture large scale metamaterial coatings using the thermal spray technique and examine their response to solar radiation. Two types of coatings namely, Cr2O3 and TiO2, were deposited onto various substrates (e.g., steel, aluminium, glass, indium tin oxide (ITO)–coated glass) with a fine wire mesh (143 µm and 1 mm aperture sizes) as the masking sheet to manipulate the surface pattern using suspension high-velocity oxy-fuel thermal spraying (S-HVOF) and atmospheric plasma-sprayed (APS) methods, respectively. Post deposition, their responses subjected to electromagnetic wave (between 250 and 2500 nm or ultraviolet (UV)-visible (Vis)-infrared (IR) region) were characterised. The additional microstructural characterisation was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), three-dimensional profilometry, and optical spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that through novel application of thermal spray techniques, large-scale manufacturing of metamaterial coating is possible, and such material can affect electromagnetic wave propagation. Comparison between Cr2O3 and TiO2 coatings on aluminium substrates showed reduced three orders of reduced reflectance for Cr2O3 coatings (for 1-mm aperture size) throughout the spectrum. It was concluded that for a similar bandgap, Cr2O3 coatings on aluminium substrate will yield improved optical performance than TiO2 coating, and hence more useful to fabricate opto-electronic devices. Graphical abstract

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“…The scope of investigations and proposed applications can be gleaned from a string of reviews [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Advances in additive manufacturing have permitted the fabrication of increasingly complex and intricate structures [16][17][18][19][20], leading to a renewed emphasis on rational design. As observed in [21], "the rational design of metamaterials with a target property or functionality remains fiendishly difficult, and many designs so far have relied on luck and intuition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxetic interval determination and experimental validation for a three-dimensional periodic framework

Borcea

Broeren

Herder

et al. 2021

Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids

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Auxetic behavior refers to lateral widening upon stretching or, in reverse, lateral shrinking upon compression. When an initially auxetic structure is actuated by compression or extension, it will not necessarily remain auxetic for larger deformations. In this paper, we investigate the auxetic range in the deformation of a periodic framework with one degree of freedom. We use geometric criteria to identify the interval where the deformation is auxetic and validate these theoretical findings with compression experiments on sample structures with [Formula: see text] unit cells.

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Additive manufacturing of metamaterials: A review

Cited by 188 publications

References 290 publications

Local material symmetry group for first- and second-order strain gradient fluids

Local material symmetry group for first- and second-order strain gradient fluids

Large-scale manufacturing route to metamaterial coatings using thermal spray techniques and their response to solar radiation

Auxetic interval determination and experimental validation for a three-dimensional periodic framework

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