Additive and synergistic effect of phytochemicals in prevention of oral cancer

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a diverse group of soil-dwelling fungi that form symbiotic associations with land plants. AMF-plant associations promote the accumulation of plant terpenoids beneficial to human health, although how AMF mediate terpenoid accumulation is not fully understood. A critical assessment and discussion of the literature relating to mechanisms by which AMF influence plant terpenoid accumulation, and whether this symbiosis can be harnessed in horticultural ecosystems was performed. Modification of plant morphology, phosphorus availability and gene transcription involved with terpenoid biosynthetic pathways were identified as key mechanisms associated with terpenoid accumulation in AMF-colonised plants. In order to exploit AMF-plant symbioses in horticultural ecosystems it is important to consider the specificity of the AMF-plant association, the predominant factor affecting terpenoid accumulation, as well as the end use application of the harvested plant material. Future research should focus on resolving the relationship between ecologically matched AMF genotypes and terpenoid accumulation in plants to establish if these associations are effective in promoting mechanisms favourable for plant terpenoid accumulation.

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“…; Chandra et al . ), as opposed to an extracted terpenoid constituent administered in isolation (Druesne‐Pecollo et al . ).…”

Section: Application Of Amf To Improve Plant Terpenoid Accumulation Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, a number of terpenoids are also associated with bioactive properties of potential benefit to human health (Chandra et al . ; Ku & Lin ; Martin et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: effects on plant terpenoid accumulation

et al. 2015

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“…Previously, we observed that LycT yielded lycopene phyto-complex (LycT) which delayed and reduced the severity of NDEA-induced HCC as indicated by histopathology, tumor statistics and antioxidant defence system analysis[ 21 ]. The presence of a myriad number of compounds in the extract has been reported to enhance the medicinal properties of active components through synergistic effects[ 29 , 30 ]. The therapeutic activity of a medicinal plant is not due to a single component or a few components.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lycopene modulates cellular proliferation, glycolysis and hepatic ultrastructure during hepatocellular carcinoma

Gupta

Bhatia

Bansal

et al. 2016

WJH

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AIMTo investigate the effect of lycopene extracted from tomatoes (LycT) on ultrastructure, glycolytic enzymes, cell proliferation markers and hypoxia during N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.METHODSFemale BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: The Control, NDEA (200 mg NDEA/kg b.w. given i.p.), LycT (5 mg/kg b.w. given orally on alternate days) and LycT + NDEA group. The mRNA and protein expression of various cell proliferation markers (PCNA, Cyclin D1, and p21) were assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The ultrastructure of hepatic tissue was analyzed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The enzymatic activity of glycolytic enzymes was estimated using standardized protocols, while glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity level was estimated using a kit obtained from Reckon Diagnostic P. Ltd. (India).RESULTSUncontrolled proliferation in the liver of NDEA (P ≤ 0.001) mice was evident from the high expression of cell-proliferation associated genes (PCNA, Cyclin D1, and p21) when compared to control and LycT mice. In addition, enhanced activities of hexokinase, phosphoglucoisomerase, aldolase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α were observed in NDEA mice as compared to control (P ≤ 0.001) and LycT (P ≤ 0.001) mice. The alterations in hepatic ultrastructure observed in the NDEA group correlated with the changes in the above parameters. LycT pre-treatment in NDEA-challenged mice ameliorated the investigated pathways disrupted by NDEA treatment. Moreover, hepatic electron micrographs from the LycT + NDEA group showed increased macrophages, apoptotic bodies and well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in comparison to undifferentiated HCC as observed in the NDEA treated group.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates that dietary supplementation with LycT has a multidimensional role in preventing HCC development.

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“… 167 , 168 Myriad number of phytochemicals present in fruits, vegetables, herbs etc have been demonstrated to have a wide range of biological activities that are responsible for their medicinal properties. 169 , 170 …”

Section: Growing Prospects Of Botanicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of botanicals in contemporary medicine: road blocks, checkpoints and go-ahead signals

Chugh

Bali

Koul

2018

Integrative Medicine Research

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The use of botanicals for maintaining good health and preventing diseases is undisputed. The claimed health benefits of natural health products and herbal medicines are based on traditional claims, positive results obtained in preclinical studies and early phase clinical trials that are not backed by safety and efficacy evidences approved by regulatory agencies. Although, the popularity of botanicals is growing, health care practitioners of modern medicine seldom recommend their use because of ill equipped database of their safety and potency. This review discusses problems that preclude botanicals from integrating into the mainstream contemporary therapeutics and cues that provide impetus for their realisation.

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Additive and synergistic effect of phytochemicals in prevention of oral cancer

Cited by 24 publications

References 25 publications

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: effects on plant terpenoid accumulation

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: effects on plant terpenoid accumulation

Lycopene modulates cellular proliferation, glycolysis and hepatic ultrastructure during hepatocellular carcinoma

Integration of botanicals in contemporary medicine: road blocks, checkpoints and go-ahead signals

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