Adding Sodium Bicarbonate to Lidocaine Enhances the Depth of Epidural Blockade

Curatolo, Michele; Petersen-Felix, Steen; Arendt‐Nielsen, Lars; Lauber, Rolf; Högström, Henrik; Scaramozzino, Pasquale; Luginbühl, Martin; Sieber, T.; Zbinden, A. M.

doi:10.1213/00000539-199802000-00024

Cited by 45 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…by the application of 'cold' using alcohol, 114 ethyl chloride, a cold gel bag, 30 ice 75 or cooling thermodes, 12 although warming thermodes and warm air 123 can be used. Loss of vibration and proprioceptive sensation have also been used.…”

Section: Assessment Of Intrathecal Drug Spreadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrathecal drug spread

Hocking

Wildsmith

2004

British Journal of Anaesthesia

301

241

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Section: Assessment Of Intrathecal Drug Spreadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrathecal drug spread

Hocking

Wildsmith

2004

British Journal of Anaesthesia

301

241

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“…Buffering reduces the latency time for local anaesthesia and enhances the intensity and spread of nerve blocks (Curatolo et al, 1998;Gandy, 1991). Moreover, it has significant antibacterial properties (Thompson et al, 1993).…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the Pain Associated with Local Anaesthetic Infiltration for open Carpal Tunnel Decompression

Vossinakis

Stavroulaki

Paleochorlidis

et al. 2004

Journal of Hand Surgery

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This prospective, randomized study assessed the effectiveness of buffering lidocaine with sodium bicarbonate for reducing the pain associated with local anaesthetic infiltration for open carpal tunnel decompression. Twenty-one patients undergoing bilateral open carpal tunnel decompression received, in a randomized manner, lidocaine 1% with adrenaline (1:200,000) in one hand and the same local anaesthetic buffered with 8.4% NaHCO3 at a 5:1 ratio in the other hand. Pain, especially its burning element, was evaluated on a visual analogue scale and was significantly reduced with the buffered solution. The buffering was effective for all patients and no adverse effects were noted. This is a safe, easy and quick method for making open carpal tunnel surgery less uncomfortable to patients.

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“…Seberapa banyak natrium bikarbonat dapat ditambahkan ke dalam anestetik lokal tidak terdapat patokan yang pasti, namun pada dosis yang sering dipakai telah dapat meningkatkan pH solusi mendekati pH jaringan. 4,5,11,12 Semua data pada penelitian menunjukkan efek alkalinisasi lidokain HCl 2% bermakna untuk mengurangi nyeri saat infiltrasi serta saat insersi jarum epidural. Hal ini disebabkan peningkatan nilai pH dari lidokain HCl 2% yang dialkalinisasi sehingga mendekati pH tubuh.…”

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

Penambahan Natrium Bikarbonat 8,4% pada Lidokain 2% untuk Mengurangi Nyeri Saat Infiltrasi Anestetik Lokal

Rahmansyah¹,

Nawawi²,

Pradian³

2014

jap

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AbstrakInfiltrasi anestesi lokal di daerah penyuntikan jarum epidural menggunakan lidokain menimbulkan nyeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan penambahan natrium bikarbonat 8,4% pada lidokain HCl 2% dengan perbandingan 1:10 untuk mengurangi nyeri saat infiltrasi. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni hingga Juli 2013 di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Penelitian dilakukan dengan uji klinis acak tersamar ganda pada 44 pasien yang menjalani operasi dengan teknik anestesi epidural. Subjek dibagi 2 kelompok, kelompok eksperimen (LB) mendapatkan infiltrasi lidokain HCl 2% alkalin dengan menambahkan natrium bikarbonat 8,4% dengan perbandingan 1:10, kelompok kontrol (L) mendapatkan lidokain HCl 2%. Pada kedua kelompok dinilai numeric rating scale (NRS) saat infiltrasi lidokain HCl 2%. Hasil penelitian diuji dengan uji chi-kuadrat, uji-t, dan Uji Mann-Whitney, tingkat kepercayaan 95% dan kekuatan uji 94%, dianggap bermakna bila nilai p<0,05. Analisis statistik menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna nilai median NRS pada kelompok eksperimen dengan kelompok kontrol saat infiltrasi anestesi lokal (5 vs 3), dengan nilai rentang (3-6 vs 1-4) dengan nilai p<0,05. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah alkalinisasi lidokain HCl 2% dengan penambahan natrium bikarbonat 8,4% dengan perbandingan 1:10 mempunyai efek mengurangi nilai NRS.Kata kunci: Alkalinisasi, lidokain HCl 2%, natrium bikarbonat 8,4% Addition of 8.4% Sodium Bicarbonate to 2% Lidocaine in ReducingPain During Local Anaesthetic Infiltration AbstractLocal anesthetic infiltration in the area of epidural injections using lidocaine can cause pain. This research was done in June-July 2013, in Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, to determine the effectiveness of adding 8.4% sodium bicarbonate to lidocaine HCl 2 % with 1:10 ratio. This was a double-blind randomized control study involving 44 patients undergoing surgery with epidural techniques. Subjects were divided into two groups, the experimental group (LB) was given 2% lidocaine HCl with sodium bicarbonate 8.4% 1:10 ratio as a local anestetich while the control group (L) was given lidocaine 2%. Numeric rating scale (NRS) was assessed during infiltration. Data was analyzed using chi-squere test, t-test and Mann-Whitney Test, with 95% confidence level and 94% strength tes and considered significant if p<0.05. Statistical anaylsis showed a significant difrerence in median of NRS in the experiment compared to control group during local anaesthetic infiltration (5 versus 3), with range of 3-6 versus 1-4 with p>0.05. In conclusion, alkalinization of 2% lidocaine HCl by addition of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate with 1:10 ratio has an effect in reducing NRS.

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Adding Sodium Bicarbonate to Lidocaine Enhances the Depth of Epidural Blockade

Cited by 45 publications

References 14 publications

Intrathecal drug spread

Intrathecal drug spread

Reducing the Pain Associated with Local Anaesthetic Infiltration for open Carpal Tunnel Decompression

Penambahan Natrium Bikarbonat 8,4% pada Lidokain 2% untuk Mengurangi Nyeri Saat Infiltrasi Anestetik Lokal

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