Adaptive strategies in the double-extremophilic prokaryotes inhabiting soda lakes

Exploring the upper pH limits of nitrite oxidation: diversity, ecophysiology, and adaptive traits of haloalkalitolerantNitrospira

“…N. alkalitolerans" also encodes several mechanisms for cation homeostasis that are linked to membrane-bound electron transport and energy conservation. Like in other aerobic alkaliphiles [57], ATP synthesis is likely catalyzed by a canonical, H + -translocating F 1 F O -ATPase (Fig. 5, Table S2).…”

“…At elevated salinity, resistance against high salt concentrations is an additional, fundamental necessity for survival. All this requires a tightly regulated pH and ion homeostasis, in which cation transmembrane transporters play key roles [55][56][57]. The "Ca.…”

“…Nha-type antiporters are widely distributed among non-extremophilic and extremophilic organisms[56]. Being involved in the homeostasis of Na + and H + , they are important for survival under saline and/or alkaline conditions[57]. In E. coli, NhaA is regulated by the cytoplasmic pH and it catalyzes the import of 2H + with the concurrent export of one Na + .…”

Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus sp. Strain YSP-3, a Halophilic, Alkaliphilic Bacterium Isolated from a Salt Lake

“…YSP-3 contains 1 gene cluster ( ectA , ectB , and ectC ) for ectoine biosynthesis from aspartate semialdehyde, 1 glnA gene for l -glutamine biosynthesis from l -glutamate, 9 genes of glycine/betaine ABC transporter, 3 genes of Na + /solute symporter, 3 genes of Na + /alanine symporter, and 2 genes of Na + /proline symporter, indicating that Bacillus sp. YSP-3 may resist osmotic stress when salinity increases by taking up compatible solute (i.e., betaine and amino acid) into the cell from the extracellular environment (6, 7). The presence of 6 genes involved in the K + uptake system also implies that strain YSP-3 possibly gains isosmotic cytoplasm though K + as an osmolyte via a "salt-in strategy" when coping with a rapid osmotic shock (8).…”

Biotechnological application of microbial sulfidogenesis at haloalkaline conditions

“…Cells cope with this by having more negatively charged cell walls that generate a layer of more concentrated protons, lower pH, near the cell while repelling anions. These adaptations to alkaline conditions have already been recently reviewed in more detail (Banciu et al 2015;Preiss et al 2015).…”