Adaptive Foot in Lower-Limb Prostheses

Weerakkody, Thilina H.; Lalitharatne, Thilina Dulantha; Gopura, R. A. R. C.

doi:10.1155/2017/9618375

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…This observed increase in weight acceptance force could be ascribed to the shorter time in peak force with concomitant changes in joint kinematics [ 25 , 26 ]. These disproportionate forces and greater loading at the short leg could have affected soft tissue damage [ 27 ]. Nevertheless, our results showed that the long leg had a lower weight distribution compared to no LLD (0 cm).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leg Length Discrepancy: Dynamic Balance Response during Gait

Azizan

Basaruddin

Salleh

et al. 2018

Journal of Healthcare Engineering

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Balance in the human body's movement is generally associated with different synergistic pathologies. The trunk is supported by one's leg most of the time when walking. A person with poor balance may face limitation when performing their physical activities on a daily basis, and they may be more prone to having risk of fall. The ground reaction forces (GRFs), centre of pressure (COP), and centre of mass (COM) in quite standing posture were often measured for the evaluation of balance. Currently, there is still no experimental evidence or study on leg length discrepancy (LLD) during walking. Analysis of the stability parameters is more representative of the functional activity undergone by the person who has a LLD. Therefore, this study hopes to shed new light on the effects of LLD on the dynamic stability associated with VGRF, COP, and COM during walking. Eighteen healthy subjects were selected among the university population with normal BMIs. Each subject was asked to walk with 1.0 to 2.0 ms−1 of walking speed for three to five trials each. Insoles of 0.5 cm thickness were added, and the thickness of the insoles was subsequently raised until 4 cm and placed under the right foot as we simulated LLD. The captured data obtained from a force plate and motion analysis present Peak VGRF (single-leg stance) and WD (double-leg stance) that showed more forces exerted on the short leg rather than long leg. Obviously, changes occurred on the displacement of COM trajectories in the ML and vertical directions as LLD increased at the whole gait cycle. Displacement of COP trajectories demonstrated that more distribution was on the short leg rather than on the long leg. The root mean square (RMS) of COP-COM distance showed, obviously, changes only in ML direction with the value at 3 cm and 3.5 cm. The cutoff value via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) indicates the significant differences starting at the level 2.5 cm up to 4 cm in long and short legs for both AP and ML directions. The present study performed included all the proposed parameters on the effect of dynamic stability on LLD during walking and thus helps to determine and evaluate the balance pattern.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leg Length Discrepancy: Dynamic Balance Response during Gait

Azizan

Basaruddin

Salleh

et al. 2018

Journal of Healthcare Engineering

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“…The human foot is made up of complex groups of joints and muscles. It allows the human foot to be stable on any kind of uneven surface (Thilina et al, 2017). Most prosthetics below the knee perform poorly because the amputation cannot control the ankle joint (Sander and Dick, 2009).…”

Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Manufacturing of a Low-Cost Prosthetic Foot

Ali,

Shurooq

2023

Ing. Inv.

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Below-knee prosthetics are used to restore the functional activity and appearance of persons with lower limb amputation. This work attempted to design and manufacture a low-cost, novel, comfortable, lightweight, durable, and flexible smart below-knee foot prosthesis prototype. This prosthesis foot was designed according to the natural leg measurement of an adult male patient. The foot is composed of rigid PVC layers interspersed with elastic strips of PTFE, and the axis of the ankle joint is flexible and consists of metal layers and a composite of polymeric damping strips with different mechanical properties, making it flexible and allowing it to absorb shocks and store and release energy. The design, modeling, and simulation of the manufactured prosthetic foot were performed via the ANSYS 18.0 software and the finite element method (FEM), where a large number of parallel and oblique planes and sketches were created. This work included four adult patients weighing 50, 75, 90, and 120 kg with different walking cycles. The results show that the highest equivalent von Mises stress and total deformations for the prosthetic limb occur at the beginning of the walking step, while the highest equivalent elastic strains and strain energy release rates are observed at the end of the walking step, regardless of the weight. This prototype can satisfactorily perform the biomechanical functions of a natural human foot, and it can be produced in attractive sizes, models, and shapes to suit different levels of below-knee amputations for different ages and weights, especially for patients with limited income.

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“…This is due to walking asymmetries, and the missing joints and muscles required to propel the body forward during walking (Kaufman et al, 2012 ; Jayaraman et al, 2018 ). In particular, the ankle and MTP joints are vital to helping in gait progression (Stokes et al, 1979 ; Weerakkody et al, 2017 ; Honert et al, 2018 , 2020 ). In walking the primary role of the MTP joints are to aid in stability (Fujita, 1985 ; Zhang et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Impacts of Toe Joint With Transfemoral Amputee Using a Powered Knee-Ankle Prosthesis

et al. 2022

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Transfemoral amputees are currently forced to utilize energetically passive prostheses that provide little to no propulsive work. Among the several joints and muscles required for healthy walking, the ones most vital for push-off assistance include the knee, ankle, and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints. There are only a handful of powered knee-ankle prostheses (also called powered transfemoral prostheses) in literature and few of them comprise a toe-joint. However, no one has researched the impact of toe-joint stiffness on walking with a power transfemoral prosthesis. This study is aimed at filling this gap in knowledge. We conducted a study with an amputee and a powered transfemoral prosthesis consisting of a spring loaded toe-joint. The prosthesis's toe-joint stiffness was varied between three values: 0.83 Nm/deg, 1.25 Nm/deg, and infinite (rigid). This study found that 0.83 Nm/deg stiffness reduced push-off assistance and resulted in compensatory movements that could lead to issues over time. While the joint angles and moments did not considerably vary across 1.25 Nm/deg and rigid stiffness, the latter led to greater power generation on the prosthesis side. However, the 1.25 Nm/deg joint stiffness resulted in the least power production from the intact side. We, thus, concluded that the use of a stiff toe-joint with a powered transfemoral prosthesis can reduce the cost of transport of the intact limb.

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Adaptive Foot in Lower-Limb Prostheses

Cited by 15 publications

References 41 publications

Leg Length Discrepancy: Dynamic Balance Response during Gait

Leg Length Discrepancy: Dynamic Balance Response during Gait

Design and Manufacturing of a Low-Cost Prosthetic Foot

Biomechanical Impacts of Toe Joint With Transfemoral Amputee Using a Powered Knee-Ankle Prosthesis

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