Adaptive Changes in the Perception of Fast and Slow Movement at Different Head Positions

Panichi, Roberto; Occhigrossi, Chiara; Ferraresi, Aldo; Faralli, Mario; Lucertini, Marco; Pettorossi, Vito Enrico

doi:10.3357/amhp.4595.2017

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Thus, the walking directional shift observed in our study cannot be directly related with a shift of the SSA. However, taking into account previous studies emphasizing adaptational mechanisms on both perceived direction of gravity ( 10 , 14 ) and self-motion perception ( 19 , 20 ) by prolonged (asymmetric) otolith stimulation, such a direct mechanism seems less likely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…With eyes closed, strong ipsilesional walking deviations ( 16 , 17 ) and ipsilesional whole-body rotational deviations when walking on the spot ( 18 ) have been observed. Furthermore, it has been shown that the repetitive one side predominant asymmetric (off-vertical axis) stimulation of the vestibular system influences the spatial representation of the subjective straight-ahead (SSA) and self-motion perception in the opposite direction of the most rapid stimulus ( 19 , 20 ), emphasizing a significant otolithic component in this paradigm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heading Direction Is Significantly Biased by Preceding Whole-Body Roll-Orientation While Lying

et al. 2022

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BackgroundAfter a prolonged static whole-body roll-tilt, a significant bias of the internal estimates of the direction of gravity has been observed when assessing the subjective visual vertical.ObjectiveWe hypothesized that this post-tilt bias represents a more general phenomenon, broadly affecting spatial orientation and navigation. Specifically, we predicted that after the prolonged roll-tilt to either side perceived straight-ahead would also be biased.MethodsTwenty-five healthy participants were asked to rest in three different lying positions (supine, right-ear-down, and left-ear-down) for 5 min (“adaptation period”) prior to walking straight-ahead blindfolded for 2 min. Walking was recorded with the inertial measurement unit sensors attached to different body locations and with sensor shoe insoles. The raw data was segmented with a gait–event detection method. The Heading direction was determined and linear mixed-effects models were used for statistical analyses.ResultsA significant bias in heading into the direction of the previous roll-tilt position was observed in the post-adaptation trials. This bias was identified in both measurement systems and decreased again over the 2-min walking period.ConclusionsThe bias observed further confirms the influence of prior knowledge on spatial orientation and navigation. Specifically, it underlines the broad impact of a shifting internal estimate of direction of gravity over a range of distinct paradigms, illustrating similar decay time constants. In the broader context, the observed bias in perceived straight-ahead emphasizes that getting up in the morning after a good night's sleep is a vulnerable period, with an increased risk of falls and fall-related injuries due to non-availability of optimally tuned internal estimates of the direction of gravity and the direction of straight-ahead.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heading Direction Is Significantly Biased by Preceding Whole-Body Roll-Orientation While Lying

et al. 2022

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“…Since the aromatase in the cerebellum and brainstem in rodents has very similar expression to that detected in humans, one can also hypothesize similar vestibulo-cerebellar mechanisms controlled by nE2 and leading to motor learning in these two species [66,79,80,83]. A cardinal consequence that extends this concept is that nE2 could influence human perceptive and motor phenomena that require adaptive process and plasticity in the vestibulo-cerebellar networks in physiological as well as pathological conditions [172][173][174][175][176]. Thus, nE2 may exert its influence not only on VOR adaptation but even on the rebalancing after labyrinthine lesion of vestibular reflexes and perception [177][178][179] and on other motor behaviors like balance and locomotion requiring the computational power of cerebellar networks to adapt responses to the context [120,128,180,181].…”

Section: Implications For the Impact Of Ne2 On The Cerebellar Functionmentioning

confidence: 86%

De Novo Synthesized Estradiol: A Role in Modulating the Cerebellar Function

Dieni

Contemori

Biscarini

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The estrogen estradiol is a potent neuroactive steroid that may regulate brain structure and function. Although the effects of estradiol have been historically associated with gonadal secretion, the discovery that this steroid may be synthesized within the brain has expanded this traditional concept. Indeed, it is accepted that de novo synthesized estradiol in the nervous system (nE2) may modulate several aspects of neuronal physiology, including synaptic transmission and plasticity, thereby influencing a variety of behaviors. These modulations may be on a time scale of minutes via non-classical and often membrane-initiated mechanisms or hours and days by classical actions on gene transcription. Besides the high level, recent investigations in the cerebellum indicate that even a low aromatase expression can be related to the fast nE2 effect on brain functioning. These pieces of evidence point to the importance of an on-demand and localized nE2 synthesis to rapidly contribute to regulating the synaptic transmission. This review is geared at exploring a new scenario for the impact of estradiol on brain processes as it emerges from the nE2 action on cerebellar neurotransmission and cerebellum-dependent learning.

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“…Although our results are specific for the VOR, the finding that behavior depending on cerebellar–vestibular plasticity is responsive to Ars inactivation has relevance for the potentially broad impact that androgens may exert in controlling cerebellar–vestibular functions. Besides VOR adaptation, androgens could influence processes that require adaptive phenomena and plasticity in cerebellar–vestibular networks in physiological as well as pathological conditions, including the rebalancing of vestibular reflexes and perception after labyrinthine lesion or intense stimulation (Dutia, 2010; Panichi et al., 2011; Panichi, Faralli, et al., 2017; Panichi, Occhigrossi, et al., 2017; Pettorossi et al., 2015; Pettorossi, Panichi, et al., 2013; Scarduzio et al., 2012; Smith et al., 2019) and other motor learning involving balance, locomotion, and arm movement (Ito, 2013; Manto & Oulad Ben Taib, 2013; Morton & Bastian, 2004; Sokolov et al., 2017). Moreover, androgens could more widely impact motor and nonmotor functions via influencing the cerebellum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of androgenic pathway impairs encoding of cerebellar‐dependent motor learning in male rats

Panichi

Dieni

Sullivan

et al. 2022

J of Comparative Neurology

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Cerebellar-dependent learning is essential for the adaptation of motor and no motor behaviors to changing contexts, and neuroactive steroids-mainly referred to as estrogens-may regulate this process. However, the role of androgens in this process has not been established, although they may affect cerebellar physiology. Thus, this study aims to determine whether the activation of androgenic neural pathways may take part in controlling the vestibuloocular (VOR) and optokinetic reflexes (OKR), which depend on a defined cerebellar circuitry. To answer this question, we acutely blocked the activation of androgen receptors (Ars) using systemic administration of the Ars antagonist flutamide (FLUT; 20 mg/Kg) in peripubertal male rats. Then, we evaluated the FLUT effect on general oculomotor performance in the VOR and OKR as well as VOR adaptive gain increases and decreases. We used a paradigm causing fast VOR adaptation that combined in phase/out phase visuo-vestibular stimulations. We found that FLUT impaired the gain increase and decrease in VOR adaptation. However, FLUT altered neither acute nor overtime basal ocular-motor performance in the VOR or OKR. These findings indicate that the activation of androgenic neural pathways participates in phenomena leading to fast VOR adaptation, probably through the modulation of plasticity mechanisms that underlie adaptation of this reflex. Conversely, androgens may not be essential for neural information processing demands in basal ocular-motor reflexes. Moreover, our results suggest that androgens, possibly testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, could rapidly regulate motor memory encoding in the VOR adaptation, acting at both cerebellar and extracerebellar plasticity sites.

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Adaptive Changes in the Perception of Fast and Slow Movement at Different Head Positions

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Heading Direction Is Significantly Biased by Preceding Whole-Body Roll-Orientation While Lying

Heading Direction Is Significantly Biased by Preceding Whole-Body Roll-Orientation While Lying

De Novo Synthesized Estradiol: A Role in Modulating the Cerebellar Function

Inhibition of androgenic pathway impairs encoding of cerebellar‐dependent motor learning in male rats

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