Adapting to the unemployed role: A longitudinal investigation

Immigrant Mental Health and Unemployment*

“…The results of this analysis are consistent with Warr and Jackson (1987) in that mental health in an earlier period is not found to be a predictor of unemployment in a later period. In this study, the time period between when mental health is measured and labour market outcomes observed is 1 year; thus, the analysis is only likely to indicate whether fairly longstanding mental health issues predict labour market status.…”

“…In waves 2 and 3, immigrants who have been unemployed for less than 6 months tend to have higher caseness scores, indicating poorer mental health relative to immigrants who have been unemployed for greater than 6 months 14 . This result is consistent with the observation of Warr and Jackson (1987) that unemployed persons adapt to their situation, although ultimately their mental health is still worse than that of employed persons. There are some minor differences in caseness scores for employed persons disaggregated by the number of hours worked, with higher scores (poorer mental health) for those working 15–34 hours compared to those working 35 hours or more.…”

Immigrant Mental Health and Unemployment*

“…The results of this analysis are consistent with Warr and Jackson (1987) in that mental health in an earlier period is not found to be a predictor of unemployment in a later period. In this study, the time period between when mental health is measured and labour market outcomes observed is 1 year; thus, the analysis is only likely to indicate whether fairly longstanding mental health issues predict labour market status.…”

“…In waves 2 and 3, immigrants who have been unemployed for less than 6 months tend to have higher caseness scores, indicating poorer mental health relative to immigrants who have been unemployed for greater than 6 months 14 . This result is consistent with the observation of Warr and Jackson (1987) that unemployed persons adapt to their situation, although ultimately their mental health is still worse than that of employed persons. There are some minor differences in caseness scores for employed persons disaggregated by the number of hours worked, with higher scores (poorer mental health) for those working 15–34 hours compared to those working 35 hours or more.…”

The relationship between core self-evaluations, employment commitment and well-being in the unemployed

“…The unemployed sample tested in this study reported a high mean employment commitment level, and higher levels of employment commitment were associated with more psychological distress. These results are consistent with previous research that examined employment commitment separate from the core self-evaluations (e.g., Jackson, Stafford, Banks, & Warr, 1983;Warr & Jackson, 1987). The findings are consistent with Paul and Moser's (2006) Finally, the relationship between employment commitment and psychological distress was not a straightforward one; rather it was contingent on the person's length of unemployment, with those unemployed the longest being disproportionately disadvantaged when employment commitment was high.…”

Unemployment

“…More highly educated workers reported somatic symp-toms less often, and elder workers reported less depression. Warr (1987) concurred with the findings regarding older versus middle aged workers, suggesting that older persons may adjust more easily to involuntary unemployment by considering themselves in a normative transition into early retirement.…”

Immigrant Mental Health and Unemployment*

“…The results of this analysis are consistent with Warr and Jackson (1987) in that mental health in an earlier period is not found to be a predictor of unemployment in a later period. In this study, the time period between when mental health is measured and labour market outcomes observed is 1 year; thus, the analysis is only likely to indicate whether fairly longstanding mental health issues predict labour market status.…”

“…In waves 2 and 3, immigrants who have been unemployed for less than 6 months tend to have higher caseness scores, indicating poorer mental health relative to immigrants who have been unemployed for greater than 6 months 14 . This result is consistent with the observation of Warr and Jackson (1987) that unemployed persons adapt to their situation, although ultimately their mental health is still worse than that of employed persons. There are some minor differences in caseness scores for employed persons disaggregated by the number of hours worked, with higher scores (poorer mental health) for those working 15–34 hours compared to those working 35 hours or more.…”

The relationship between core self-evaluations, employment commitment and well-being in the unemployed

“…The unemployed sample tested in this study reported a high mean employment commitment level, and higher levels of employment commitment were associated with more psychological distress. These results are consistent with previous research that examined employment commitment separate from the core self-evaluations (e.g., Jackson, Stafford, Banks, & Warr, 1983;Warr & Jackson, 1987). The findings are consistent with Paul and Moser's (2006) Finally, the relationship between employment commitment and psychological distress was not a straightforward one; rather it was contingent on the person's length of unemployment, with those unemployed the longest being disproportionately disadvantaged when employment commitment was high.…”

Unemployment

“…More highly educated workers reported somatic symp-toms less often, and elder workers reported less depression. Warr (1987) concurred with the findings regarding older versus middle aged workers, suggesting that older persons may adjust more easily to involuntary unemployment by considering themselves in a normative transition into early retirement.…”

Immigrant Mental Health and Unemployment*

“…The results of this analysis are consistent with Warr and Jackson (1987) in that mental health in an earlier period is not found to be a predictor of unemployment in a later period. In this study, the time period between when mental health is measured and labour market outcomes observed is 1 year; thus, the analysis is only likely to indicate whether fairly longstanding mental health issues predict labour market status.…”

“…In waves 2 and 3, immigrants who have been unemployed for less than 6 months tend to have higher caseness scores, indicating poorer mental health relative to immigrants who have been unemployed for greater than 6 months 14 . This result is consistent with the observation of Warr and Jackson (1987) that unemployed persons adapt to their situation, although ultimately their mental health is still worse than that of employed persons. There are some minor differences in caseness scores for employed persons disaggregated by the number of hours worked, with higher scores (poorer mental health) for those working 15–34 hours compared to those working 35 hours or more.…”

The relationship between core self-evaluations, employment commitment and well-being in the unemployed

“…The unemployed sample tested in this study reported a high mean employment commitment level, and higher levels of employment commitment were associated with more psychological distress. These results are consistent with previous research that examined employment commitment separate from the core self-evaluations (e.g., Jackson, Stafford, Banks, & Warr, 1983;Warr & Jackson, 1987). The findings are consistent with Paul and Moser's (2006) Finally, the relationship between employment commitment and psychological distress was not a straightforward one; rather it was contingent on the person's length of unemployment, with those unemployed the longest being disproportionately disadvantaged when employment commitment was high.…”

Unemployment

“…More highly educated workers reported somatic symp-toms less often, and elder workers reported less depression. Warr (1987) concurred with the findings regarding older versus middle aged workers, suggesting that older persons may adjust more easily to involuntary unemployment by considering themselves in a normative transition into early retirement.…”