Adaptations in the capacity of ionic and osmotic regulation in young baltic salmon (salmo salar l.) in brackish water

Environmental influences on regulation of blood plasma/serum components in teleost fishes: a review

“…However, the time of development of increased hypoosmoregulatory capacity was also the time of increase in FW temperature, which had been shown to increase the rate of smoltification in salmonids (McCormick et al 1997). There are both positive and negative aspects to temperature initiation, as Virtanen et al (1988) showed that smoltification in S. salar was arrested by low water temperatures (\1°C) that existed until late spring. When individuals of the Hammerfest and Svalbard populations were at their hypoosmoregulatory best, mean plasma osmotic concentration was &355 mOsm kg -1 after 48 h in SW for Hammerfest individuals, and &375 mOsm kg -1 for Svalbard individuals.…”

Environmental influences on regulation of blood plasma/serum components in teleost fishes: a review

“…However, the time of development of increased hypoosmoregulatory capacity was also the time of increase in FW temperature, which had been shown to increase the rate of smoltification in salmonids (McCormick et al 1997). There are both positive and negative aspects to temperature initiation, as Virtanen et al (1988) showed that smoltification in S. salar was arrested by low water temperatures (\1°C) that existed until late spring. When individuals of the Hammerfest and Svalbard populations were at their hypoosmoregulatory best, mean plasma osmotic concentration was &355 mOsm kg -1 after 48 h in SW for Hammerfest individuals, and &375 mOsm kg -1 for Svalbard individuals.…”

Seasonal differences in smolt traits and post‐smolt survival of wild Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, migrating from a northern boreal river

“…The physiological changes taking place in fish during smoltification are well documented (e.g. reviews by Hoar 1976;Virtanen 1988;McCormick et al 1998). Smoltification also proceeds during the smolt migration season, with some fish being ready to migrate early in the season and others needing more time to reach the smolt stage (Lundqvist & Eriksson 1985;Virtanen 1988).…”

“…reviews by Hoar 1976;Virtanen 1988;McCormick et al 1998). Smoltification also proceeds during the smolt migration season, with some fish being ready to migrate early in the season and others needing more time to reach the smolt stage (Lundqvist & Eriksson 1985;Virtanen 1988). Several studies have suggested that smolt size affects the post-smolt survival of salmon (Salminen, Kuikka & Erkamo 1995;Jutila, Jokikokko & Julkunen 2006).…”

Environmental influences on regulation of blood plasma/serum components in teleost fishes: a review

“…However, the time of development of increased hypoosmoregulatory capacity was also the time of increase in FW temperature, which had been shown to increase the rate of smoltification in salmonids (McCormick et al 1997). There are both positive and negative aspects to temperature initiation, as Virtanen et al (1988) showed that smoltification in S. salar was arrested by low water temperatures (\1°C) that existed until late spring. When individuals of the Hammerfest and Svalbard populations were at their hypoosmoregulatory best, mean plasma osmotic concentration was &355 mOsm kg -1 after 48 h in SW for Hammerfest individuals, and &375 mOsm kg -1 for Svalbard individuals.…”

Seasonal differences in smolt traits and post‐smolt survival of wild Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, migrating from a northern boreal river

“…The physiological changes taking place in fish during smoltification are well documented (e.g. reviews by Hoar 1976;Virtanen 1988;McCormick et al 1998). Smoltification also proceeds during the smolt migration season, with some fish being ready to migrate early in the season and others needing more time to reach the smolt stage (Lundqvist & Eriksson 1985;Virtanen 1988).…”

“…reviews by Hoar 1976;Virtanen 1988;McCormick et al 1998). Smoltification also proceeds during the smolt migration season, with some fish being ready to migrate early in the season and others needing more time to reach the smolt stage (Lundqvist & Eriksson 1985;Virtanen 1988). Several studies have suggested that smolt size affects the post-smolt survival of salmon (Salminen, Kuikka & Erkamo 1995;Jutila, Jokikokko & Julkunen 2006).…”

Environmental influences on regulation of blood plasma/serum components in teleost fishes: a review

“…However, the time of development of increased hypoosmoregulatory capacity was also the time of increase in FW temperature, which had been shown to increase the rate of smoltification in salmonids (McCormick et al 1997). There are both positive and negative aspects to temperature initiation, as Virtanen et al (1988) showed that smoltification in S. salar was arrested by low water temperatures (\1°C) that existed until late spring. When individuals of the Hammerfest and Svalbard populations were at their hypoosmoregulatory best, mean plasma osmotic concentration was &355 mOsm kg -1 after 48 h in SW for Hammerfest individuals, and &375 mOsm kg -1 for Svalbard individuals.…”

Seasonal differences in smolt traits and post‐smolt survival of wild Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, migrating from a northern boreal river

“…The physiological changes taking place in fish during smoltification are well documented (e.g. reviews by Hoar 1976;Virtanen 1988;McCormick et al 1998). Smoltification also proceeds during the smolt migration season, with some fish being ready to migrate early in the season and others needing more time to reach the smolt stage (Lundqvist & Eriksson 1985;Virtanen 1988).…”

“…reviews by Hoar 1976;Virtanen 1988;McCormick et al 1998). Smoltification also proceeds during the smolt migration season, with some fish being ready to migrate early in the season and others needing more time to reach the smolt stage (Lundqvist & Eriksson 1985;Virtanen 1988). Several studies have suggested that smolt size affects the post-smolt survival of salmon (Salminen, Kuikka & Erkamo 1995;Jutila, Jokikokko & Julkunen 2006).…”