Adaptation modulates the electrophysiological substrates of perceived facial distortion: Support for opponent coding

Burkhardt, Alex; Blaha, Leslie M.; Jurs, Bethany S.; Rhodes, Gillian; Jeffery, Linda; Wyatte, Dean; DeLong, Jordan E.; Busey, Tom

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.08.016

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…For example, Folstein et al (2008) examined N200 potentials during classification tasks involving artificial creatures, and found larger N200 potentials for creatures with relatively unique perceptual features when those features represented task-relevant dimensions. Although occipito-temporal P2s have not been extensively examined using non-face stimuli, P2 amplitudes have been found to decrease when faces are transformed along featural or configural dimensions, such that they are smaller for faces that appear more unique (although this pattern may be specific to within-identity transformations and has not been examined in OR faces; Halit et al, 2000; Burkhardt et al, 2010). On the basis these reports, N200 and P2 potentials appear to have opposing relationships to perceptual uniqueness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Some Faces won't be Remembered: Brain Potentials Illuminate Successful Versus Unsuccessful Encoding for Same-Race and Other-Race Faces

Lucas¹,

Chiao²,

Paller³

2011

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Memory is often less accurate for faces from another racial group than for faces from one's own racial group. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are a topic of active debate. Contemporary theories invoke factors such as inferior expertise with faces from other racial groups and an encoding emphasis on race-specifying information. We investigated neural mechanisms of this memory bias by recording event-related potentials while participants attempted to memorize same-race (SR) and other-race (OR) faces. Brain potentials at encoding were compared as a function of successful versus unsuccessful recognition on a subsequent-memory test. Late positive amplitudes predicted subsequent memory for SR faces and, to a lesser extent, for OR faces. By contrast, the amplitudes of earlier frontocentral N200 potentials and occipito-temporal P2 potentials were larger for later-remembered relative to later-forgotten OR faces. Furthermore, N200 and P2 amplitudes were larger for OR faces with features considered atypical of that race relative to faces that were race-stereotypical (according to a consensus from a large group of other participants). In keeping with previous reports, we infer that these earlier potentials index the processing of unique or individuating facial information, which is key to remembering a face. Individuation may tend to be uniformly high for SR faces but lower and less reliable for OR faces. Individuation may also be more readily applied for OR faces that appear less stereotypical. These electrophysiological measures thus provide novel evidence that poorer memory for OR faces stems from encoding that is inadequate because it fails to emphasize individuating information.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Some Faces won't be Remembered: Brain Potentials Illuminate Successful Versus Unsuccessful Encoding for Same-Race and Other-Race Faces

Lucas¹,

Chiao²,

Paller³

2011

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…In contrast to this effect after adaptations to distorted faces, no such adaptation effect followed the presentation of original face images (i.e., distorted faces still appeared distorted). In this way, Webster and MacLin provided among the first evidence for adaptation effects in complex, natural objects, suggesting that adaptation may play an important normalizing role in face perception and adaptation effects may strongly influence form perception (see also Zhao and Chubb, 2001; Morikawa, 2005; Yamashita et al, 2005; Jeffery et al, 2006, 2007; Jaquet et al, 2007, 2008; Robbins et al, 2007; Jaquet and Rhodes, 2008; Burkhardt et al, 2010; Hills et al, 2010); such a “complex” adaptation phenomenon was recently transferred to animals, trees, or every-day objects (e.g., light bulb; Daelli et al, 2010). …”

Section: Investigating the Adaptation Effects Of Different Types Of Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face Adaptation Effects: Reviewing the Impact of Adapting Information, Time, and Transfer

Strobach¹,

Carbon²

2013

Front. Psychol.

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The ability to adapt is essential to live and survive in an ever-changing environment such as the human ecosystem. Here we review the literature on adaptation effects of face stimuli to give an overview of existing findings in this area, highlight gaps in its research literature, initiate new directions in face adaptation research, and help to design future adaptation studies. Furthermore, this review should lead to better understanding of the processing characteristics as well as the mental representations of face-relevant information. The review systematizes studies at a behavioral level in respect of a framework which includes three dimensions representing the major characteristics of studies in this field of research. These dimensions comprise (1) the specificity of adapting face information, e.g., identity, gender, or age aspects of the material to be adapted to (2) aspects of timing (e.g., the sustainability of adaptation effects) and (3) transfer relations between face images presented during adaptation and adaptation tests (e.g., images of the same or different identities). The review concludes with options for how to combine findings across different dimensions to demonstrate the relevance of our framework for future studies.

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“…Compared to categorical adaptation effects on the N170, the time windows of those specific effects appeared more variable. Zimmer and Kovács [17] showed that N170 was additionally reduced after adaptation to distorted as compared to undistorted faces, whereas Burkhardt et al [21] found the earliest effect after a similar manipulation in a later P250 component. Somehow at odds with findings of N170 being insensitive to the repetition of facial identity [19], [22], [23] or to familiarity per se [24], recent studies also reported a sensitivity of the N170 ERP to the identity of unfamiliar faces in an adaptation paradigm, but without addressing behavioural aftereffects (e.g., [25]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Category-specific adaptation, especially of the N170 ERP component (or of its magnetic equivalent, the M170), was observed as reduced amplitudes for test faces following adaptation to faces as compared to stimuli of a different category [7], [8], [17]–[20]. Some studies also reported distortion-specific modulations of ERPs for test faces after adaptation to distorted faces [17], [21]. Compared to categorical adaptation effects on the N170, the time windows of those specific effects appeared more variable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptor Identity Modulates Adaptation Effects in Familiar Face Identification and Their Neural Correlates

2013

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Adaptation-related aftereffects (AEs) show how face perception can be altered by recent perceptual experiences. Along with contrastive behavioural biases, modulations of the early event-related potentials (ERPs) were typically reported on categorical levels. Nevertheless, the role of the adaptor stimulus per se for face identity-specific AEs is not completely understood and was therefore investigated in the present study. Participants were adapted to faces (S1s) varying systematically on a morphing continuum between pairs of famous identities (identities A and B), or to Fourier phase-randomized faces, and had to match the subsequently presented ambiguous faces (S2s; 50/50% identity A/B) to one of the respective original faces. We found that S1s identical with or near to the original identities led to strong contrastive biases with more identity B responses following A adaptation and vice versa. In addition, the closer S1s were to the 50/50% S2 on the morphing continuum, the smaller the magnitude of the AE was. The relation between S1s and AE was, however, not linear. Additionally, stronger AEs were accompanied by faster reaction times. Analyses of the simultaneously recorded ERPs revealed categorical adaptation effects starting at 100 ms post-stimulus onset, that were most pronounced at around 125–240 ms for occipito-temporal sites over both hemispheres. S1-specific amplitude modulations were found at around 300–400 ms. Response-specific analyses of ERPs showed reduced voltages starting at around 125 ms when the S1 biased perception in a contrastive way as compared to when it did not. Our results suggest that face identity AEs do not only depend on physical differences between S1 and S2, but also on perceptual factors, such as the ambiguity of S1. Furthermore, short-term plasticity of face identity processing might work in parallel to object-category processing, and is reflected in the first 400 ms of the ERP.

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Adaptation modulates the electrophysiological substrates of perceived facial distortion: Support for opponent coding

Cited by 25 publications

References 33 publications

Why Some Faces won't be Remembered: Brain Potentials Illuminate Successful Versus Unsuccessful Encoding for Same-Race and Other-Race Faces

Why Some Faces won't be Remembered: Brain Potentials Illuminate Successful Versus Unsuccessful Encoding for Same-Race and Other-Race Faces

Face Adaptation Effects: Reviewing the Impact of Adapting Information, Time, and Transfer

Adaptor Identity Modulates Adaptation Effects in Familiar Face Identification and Their Neural Correlates

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