Acute tryptophan depletion and sweet food consumption by overweight adults

Pagoto, Sherry L.; Spring, Bonnie; McChargue, Dennis E.; Hitsman, Brian; Smith, Malaina; Appelhans, Bradley M.; Hedeker, Donald

doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2008.10.010

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…On the other hand, the gut microbiota regulates both the 5-HT synthesis and its release from the enteroendocrine cells, and 5-HT plays its role on the CNS as one of the most important central neurotransmitters in the regulation of mood, sleep, and pain[ 49 ]. Consistently, modification of central 5-HT levels was shown by Pagoto et al [ 50 ] to affect food preferences. Following acute tryptophan depletion (transient decrease of both peripheral and central 5-HT levels), overweight individuals increased their sweet calorie intake and preferred sweet foods.…”

Section: Brain-liver and Blg Axissupporting

confidence: 71%

Brain-gut-liver interactions across the spectrum of insulin resistance in metabolic fatty liver disease

Rebelos¹,

Iozzo²,

Guzzardi³

et al. 2021

WJG

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Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly named “nonalcoholic fatty liver disease” occurs in about one-third of the general population of developed countries worldwide and behaves as a major morbidity and mortality risk factor for major causes of death, such as cardiovascular, digestive, metabolic, neoplastic and neuro-degenerative diseases. However, progression of MAFLD and its associated systemic complications occur almost invariably in patients who experience the additional burden of intrahepatic and/or systemic inflammation, which acts as disease accelerator. Our review is focused on the new knowledge about the brain-gut-liver axis in the context of metabolic dysregulations associated with fatty liver, where insulin resistance has been assumed to play an important role. Special emphasis has been given to digital imaging studies and in particular to positron emission tomography, as it represents a unique opportunity for the noninvasive in vivo study of tissue metabolism. An exhaustive revision of targeted animal models is also provided in order to clarify what the available preclinical evidence suggests for the causal interactions between fatty liver, dysregulated endogenous glucose production and insulin resistance.

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Section: Brain-liver and Blg Axissupporting

confidence: 71%

Brain-gut-liver interactions across the spectrum of insulin resistance in metabolic fatty liver disease

Rebelos¹,

Iozzo²,

Guzzardi³

et al. 2021

WJG

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“…There is also evidence to suggest a role for changes in the brain's serotonergic signalling by ELA and that these alterations may contribute to obesity and food addiction . For example, a study of 55 women showed that lowering of CNS serotonin by acute tryptophan depletion resulted in increased sweet calorie intake and a heightened preference for sweet foods in overweight but not normal weight individuals . Disruptions to these brain networks may override homeostatic needs and drive the overconsumption of highly palatable foods .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

History of early life adversity is associated with increased food addiction and sex‐specific alterations in reward network connectivity in obesity

Osadchiy

Mayer

Bhatt

et al. 2019

Obesity Science & Practice

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BackgroundNeuroimaging studies have identified obesity-related differences in the brain's resting state activity. An imbalance between homeostatic and reward aspects of ingestive behaviour may contribute to obesity and food addiction. The interactions between early life adversity (ELA), the reward network and food addiction were investigated to identify obesity and sex-related differences, which may drive obesity and food addiction. MethodsFunctional resting state magnetic resonance imaging was acquired in 186 participants (high body mass index [BMI]: ≥25: 53 women and 54 men; normal BMI: 18.50-24.99: 49 women and 30 men). Participants completed questionnaires to assess ELA (Early Traumatic Inventory) and food addiction (Yale Food Addiction Scale). A tripartite network analysis based on graph theory was used to investigate the interaction between ELA, brain connectivity and food addiction. Interactions were determined by computing Spearman rank correlations, thresholded at q < 0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons. ResultsParticipants with high BMI demonstrate an association between ELA and food addiction, with reward regions playing a role in this interaction. Among women with high BMI, increased ELA was associated with increased centrality of reward and emotion regulation regions. Men with high BMI showed associations between ELA and food addiction with somatosensory regions playing a role in this interaction. ConclusionsThe findings suggest that ELA may alter brain networks, leading to increased vulnerability for food addiction and obesity later in life. These alterations are sex specific and involve brain regions influenced by dopaminergic or serotonergic signalling.

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“…So far this has not been done. 45,67 There is good, although not definitive, evidence that effects of ATD act through depletion of serotonin, not other mechanisms. However, this has to be assessed for each outcome measure used in ATD studies.…”

Section: The Need For Positive Control Treatments and Other Strategiementioning

confidence: 99%

Acute tryptophan depletion in humans: a review of theoretical, practical and ethical aspects

Young

2013

J Psychiatry Neurosci

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Acute tryptophan depletion and sweet food consumption by overweight adults

Cited by 17 publications

References 55 publications

Brain-gut-liver interactions across the spectrum of insulin resistance in metabolic fatty liver disease

Brain-gut-liver interactions across the spectrum of insulin resistance in metabolic fatty liver disease

History of early life adversity is associated with increased food addiction and sex‐specific alterations in reward network connectivity in obesity

Acute tryptophan depletion in humans: a review of theoretical, practical and ethical aspects

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