Acute oxalate intoxication associated to ingestion of eshnan (Seidlitzia rosmarinus) in sheep

Aslani, Mohammad Reza; Movassaghi, Ahmad Reza; Najarnezhad, Vahid; Pirouz, Hossein Janati; Heidarpour, Mohammad

doi:10.1007/s11250-011-9818-0

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Pusa giant) that contained high levels of oxalic acid (3.01%) and low levels of Ca, when compared to other varieties of Napier grass (Dhillon et al., 1971; Sidhu et al., 1996). An outbreak of acute oxalate intoxication in a flock of sheep was associated with consumption of Seidlitzia rosmarinus (Chenopodiaceae), with a mortality rate of about 19% (Aslani et al., 2011). Soluble oxalate levels of 2.0% or more may lead to acute toxicosis in ruminants, while levels of 0.5% or more may induce nutritional hyperparathyroidism in horses (McKenzie et al., 1988).…”

Section: Maximum Tolerable Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of oxalate poisoning in domestic animals: tolerance and performance aspects

Rahman

Abdullah

Khadijah

2012

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Summary Published data on oxalate poisoning in domestic animals are reviewed, with a focus on tolerance and performance. Oxalic acid is one of a number of anti‐nutrients found in forage. It can bind with dietary calcium (Ca) or magnesium (Mg) to form insoluble Ca or Mg oxalate, which then may lead to low serum Ca or Mg levels as well as to renal failure because of precipitation of these salts in the kidneys. Dietary oxalate plays an important role in the formation of Ca oxalate, and a high dietary intake of Ca may decrease oxalate absorption and its subsequent urinary excretion. Oxalate‐rich plants can be supplemented with other plants as forage for domestic animals, which may help to reduce the overall intake of oxalate‐rich plants. Non‐ruminants appear to be more sensitive to oxalate than ruminants because in the latter, rumen bacteria help to degrade oxalate. If ruminants are slowly exposed to a diet high in oxalate, the population of oxalate‐degrading bacteria in the rumen increases sufficiently to prevent oxalate poisoning. However, if large quantities of oxalate‐rich plants are eaten, the rumen is overwhelmed and unable to metabolize the oxalate and oxalate‐poisoning results. Based on published data, we consider that <2.0% soluble oxalate would be an appropriate level to avoid oxalate poisoning in ruminants, although blood Ca level may decrease. In the case of non‐ruminants, <0.5% soluble oxalate may be acceptable. However, these proposed safe levels of soluble oxalate should be regarded as preliminary. Further studies, especially long‐term studies, are needed to validate and improve the recommended safe levels in animals. This review will encourage further research on the relationships between dietary oxalate, other dietary factors and renal failure in domestic animals.

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Section: Maximum Tolerable Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of oxalate poisoning in domestic animals: tolerance and performance aspects

Rahman

Abdullah

Khadijah

2012

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…Enteric hyperoxaluria and oxalate‐urolithiasis have been reported to be the common complications in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, particularly in patients harboring Crohn's disease 6 . Exposure to oxalate ingestion may cause severe hypocalcemia and kidney stones, even have severe toxicity to gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and induce intestinal dysfunction, including diarrhea, intestinal inflammation, gastric hemorrhage, and deterioration of epithelium in GIT 7,8 . Defective permeability barrier due to inflamed, malfunctioning mucosa, and diarrhea seems to promote enhanced oxalate absorption 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Exposure to oxalate ingestion may cause severe hypocalcemia and kidney stones, even have severe toxicity to gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and induce intestinal dysfunction, including diarrhea, intestinal inflammation, gastric hemorrhage, and deterioration of epithelium in GIT. 7,8 Defective permeability barrier due to inflamed, malfunctioning mucosa, and diarrhea seems to promote enhanced oxalate absorption. 6 However, this association between intestinal permeability and increased oxalate absorption has not been completely investigated in these studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum N‐1 could prevent ethylene glycol‐induced kidney stones by regulating gut microbiota and enhancing intestinal barrier function

et al. 2021

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“…In its dianionic form, oxalate is a strong chelating agent that readily binds to free metallic cations such as calcium [ 36 ]. Mortality from oxalate ingestion can occur with a single exposure, characterized by azotemia, hypocalcemia, hemorrhaging of visceral organs, and the presence of oxalate crystals in the kidneys [ 37 ]. However, sublethal effects including corrosion of the mouth and gastrointestinal tract, gastric hemorrhaging, diarrhea, kidney stones, and inflammation can significantly impair a mammal’s ability to function normally and thus have an indirect effect on mortality [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Metabolic and Ecological Interactions of Oxalate-Degrading Bacteria in the Mammalian Gut

Miller

Dearing

2013

Pathogens

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Oxalate-degrading bacteria comprise a functional group of microorganisms, commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals. Oxalate is a plant secondary compound (PSC) widely produced by all major taxa of plants and as a terminal metabolite by the mammalian liver. As a toxin, oxalate can have a significant impact on the health of mammals, including humans. Mammals do not have the enzymes required to metabolize oxalate and rely on their gut microbiota for this function. Thus, significant metabolic interactions between the mammalian host and a complex gut microbiota maintain the balance of oxalate in the body. Over a dozen species of gut bacteria are now known to degrade oxalate. This review focuses on the host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions that regulate the degradation of oxalate by the gut microbiota. We discuss the pathways of oxalate throughout the body and the mammalian gut as a series of differentiated ecosystems that facilitate oxalate degradation. We also explore the mechanisms and functions of microbial oxalate degradation along with the implications for the ecological and evolutionary interactions within the microbiota and for mammalian hosts. Throughout, we consider questions that remain, as well as recent technological advances that can be employed to answer them.

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Acute oxalate intoxication associated to ingestion of eshnan (Seidlitzia rosmarinus) in sheep

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

A review of oxalate poisoning in domestic animals: tolerance and performance aspects

A review of oxalate poisoning in domestic animals: tolerance and performance aspects

Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum N‐1 could prevent ethylene glycol‐induced kidney stones by regulating gut microbiota and enhancing intestinal barrier function

The Metabolic and Ecological Interactions of Oxalate-Degrading Bacteria in the Mammalian Gut

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