Acute Liver Failure

Punzalan, Carmi S.; Barry, Curtis

doi:10.1177/0885066615609271

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…18,26,27 ALF is considered to be more common in women than in men as well as in white individuals than in the rest of the races. 8,14 The median age of patients upon presentation is 38 years. 14,28 The western world has an estimated annual incidence of fewer than 10 cases per million individuals.…”

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,14 The median age of patients upon presentation is 38 years. 14,28 The western world has an estimated annual incidence of fewer than 10 cases per million individuals. 7 A reported rough estimation in the United States mentions about 2800 ALF cases per year.…”

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 A reported rough estimation in the United States mentions about 2800 ALF cases per year. 18 The reduced causative viral incidence in the United 9,14,17,19,43,44,60 States as well as in the majority of Western Europe is attributed to better public health precautions, such as better sanitation and vaccinations. In the UK and in the USA, drug overdosing and, especially acetaminophen (paracetamol) toxicity, followed by idiosyncratic pharmaceutical reactions are known to be leading causative factors.…”

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 The most common of them consist of toxins and drug-induced liver injury (DILI), primarily in western, industrialized societies, as well as viral hepatitis in the rest of the world. 6,14 In ALF, the liver synthetic ability is severely impaired, due to a massive cellular necrosis of hepatocytes. The clinical manifestation includes the presence of rapid progression of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), precedent by jaundice and biochemical evidence of liver injury as well as ascites and coagulation abnormalities of any degree.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Coagulopathy is typically characterized by a spontaneous elevation of the international normalized ratio (INR) of ≥ 1.5 (or prothrombin time > 15 s). 7,14,15 Over the last years, advances in the emergency transplantation as well as in critical care therapy have significantly contributed to an amelioration of survival. 7…”

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confidence: 99%

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Acute Liver Failure

Doulberis¹,

Kotronis

Gialamprinou

et al. 2019

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology

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Acute liver failure is a rare hepatic emergent situation that affects primarily young people and has often a catastrophic or even fatal outcome. Definition of acute liver failure has not reached a universal consensus and the interval between the appearance of jaundice and hepatic encephalopathy for the establishment of the acute failure is a matter of debate. Among the wide variety of causes, acetaminophen intoxication in western societies and viral hepatitis in the developing countries rank at the top of the etiology list. Identification of the clinical appearance and initial management for the stabilization of the patient are of vital significance. Further advanced therapies, that require intensive care unit, should be offered. The hallmark of treatment for selected patients can be orthotopic liver transplantation. Apart from well-established treatments, novel therapies like hepatocyte or stem cell transplantation, additional new therapeutic strategies targeting acetaminophen intoxication and/or hepatic encephalopathy are mainly experimental, and some of them do not belong, yet, to clinical practice. For clinicians, it is substantial to have the alertness to timely identify the patient and transfer them to a specialized center, where more treatment opportunities are available. FIGURE 1. The 3 main well-established classifications for ALF. (i) Williams-Schalm and O'Grady system (ii) Bernuau system, and (iii) Mochida (Japanese) system. ALF indicates acute liver failure.

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Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Liver Failure

Doulberis¹,

Kotronis

Gialamprinou

et al. 2019

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology

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Preclinical studies of a death receptor 5 fusion protein that ameliorates acute liver failure

Chen

Wang

Zhang³

et al. 2019

J Mol Med

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Establishment and characterization of an immortalized human hepatocyte line for the development of bioartificial liver system

et al. 2018

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For further research and application of Bioartificial liver systems (BAL), active proliferation capacity and full hepatic functionality of the biomaterials is mandatory. However, there are still no suitable cell lines meeting the requirements for an ideal cell source in BAL development that makes it necessary to explore other sources. Here, we constructed a new cell line derived from well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma tissues designated NHBL2. Immunol staining showed that NHBL2 possessed the capacity of synthesizing albumin and CYP2E1 and quantitative analysis showed that the albumin synthesis ability of NHBL2 was comparable to C3A while urea production was highly abundant of NHBL2 compared with that of C3A. Using gene expression microarray analysis, we found that the expression levels of a set of genes encoding Phase I and Phase II metabolizing enzymes as well as many others related to common bioconversion and metabolic processes were significantly higher in NHBL2 cell line than that in C3A. Moreover, functional optimization assay in Matrigel showed obvious improvements of liver-related function level and a low malignance of this cell line. These findings indicated that NHBL2 possessed relatively attractive and full hepatic functionality that might be a potential cell line for BAL development.

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Acute Liver Failure

Cited by 16 publications

References 100 publications

Acute Liver Failure

Acute Liver Failure

Preclinical studies of a death receptor 5 fusion protein that ameliorates acute liver failure

Establishment and characterization of an immortalized human hepatocyte line for the development of bioartificial liver system

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