Acute exposure to waterpipe tobacco smoke induces changes in the oxidative and inflammatory markers in mouse lung

Abstract

Context-Tobacco smoking represents a global public health threat, claiming approximately 5 million lives a year. Waterpipe tobacco use has become popular particularly among youth in the past decade, buttressed by the perception that the waterpipe "filters" the smoke, rendering it less harmful than cigarette smoke.Objective-In this study, we examined the acute exposure of waterpipe smoking on lung inflammation and oxidative stress in mice, and compared that to cigarette smoking.Materials and methods-Mice were divided into three groups; fresh air control, cigarette and waterpipe. Animals were exposed to fresh air, cigarette, or waterpipe smoke using whole body exposure system one hour daily for 7 days.Results-Both cigarette and waterpipe smoke exposure resulted in elevation of total white blood cell count, as well as absolute count of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes (P < 0.01). Both exposures also elevated proinflammatory markers such as TNF-α and IL-6 in BALF (P < 0.05), and oxidative stress markers including GPx activity in lungs (P < 0.05). Moreover, waterpipe smoke increased catalase activity in the lung (P < 0.05). However, none of the treatments altered IL-10 levels. Discussion and conclusion-Results of cigarette smoking confirmed previous finding. Waterpipe results indicate that, similar to cigarettes, exposure to waterpipe tobacco smoke is harmful to the lungs.

Waterpipe Smoking Is Associated with Changes in Fibrinogen, FVII, and FVIII Levels

“…However, a growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that free radical-mediated oxidative stress and loss of the protective effect of nitric oxide (NO) plays a central role in tobacco smoking-mediated thrombotic diseases [39, 40]. WTS has been shown to be associated with oxidative stress in the lungs of waterpipe-exposed animals [41-44]. More studies that correlate oxidative stress biomarkers with changes in coagulation factors in human smokers are required to pin down the exact mechanism by which waterpipe smoking has an impact on coagulation.…”

A review of the health effects of smoking shisha

“…Mice exposed to shisha smoke for 30 minutes per day for five days develop neutrophilic inflammation of their airways and an increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 present in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. 5 As COPD is set to become the third leading cause of death worldwide by 2020 6 it is essential for all physicians to recognise shisha smoking as an increasingly important cause of COPD, to ask about shisha exposure, and to warn patients of the risks to their health including COPD. ■ 2 The report relates the significant challenges some doctors present when they are unwell.…”

Assessment of genotoxicity of waterpipe smoking using 8-OHdG biomarker

“…For example, compared to cigarette smoke, waterpipe smoke contains toxicants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that cause cancer, volatile aldehydes that cause lung disease, carbon monoxide (CO) that contributes to cardiovascular disease, and heavy metals that causes tissue damage (Shihadeh and Saleh, 2005). Recent studies found that acute exposure to waterpipe smoke caused lung inflammation and oxidative stress to same degree to that induced by cigarette smoking (Khabour et al, 2012a). Moreover, the genotoxicity associated with waterpipe use is significantly higher in heavy waterpipe users than in heavy cigarette smokers (Khabour et al, 2011;Alsatari et al, 2012).…”