Acute effects of intravenously given alcohol on saccadic eye movements and subjective evaluations of intoxication

Jäntti, V.; Lang, A. H.; Keskinen, Esko; Lehtinen, I.; Pakkanen, A

doi:10.1007/bf00427822

Cited by 55 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In close agreement with a number of earlier reports [15][16][17][18] , our study confirmed that visually evoked reflexive saccadic eye movements were markedly altered under the influence of alcohol. Latencies were slightly increased during the rise of the BAC level and shorter during its decline, whereas the main sequence parameters (V max , τ) were clearly reduced at any time after exposure to alcohol.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Saccadic eye movements after low-dose oral alcohol exposure

Schmitt

Lanz

Muser

et al. 2013

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVES: The influence of low-dose alcohol intake on reflexive visually guided saccades was investigated. METHODS: 40 healthy human subjects were orally given alcohol resulting in lowdose alcohol concentration (less than 0.8‰) blood alcohol concentration. Before and after exposure, horizontal saccadic eye movements were recorded at several points in time. The recordings were evaluated with regard to accuracy of the eye movements, latency, the peak eye velocity and the time constant that characterizes the main sequence. The results were compared to recordings from a reference group. RESULTS: It was found that the saccadic eye movement was clearly altered by low-dose alcohol intake. However, its characteristics were not unambiguously pathological when compared to the reference group, even though the subjects reported a moderate to strong effect of alcohol and there were clear signs of inebriation. CONCLUSIONS: The findings render the evaluation of saccades unsuitable as a simple test for the detection of low-dose alcohol intake. Methods: 40 healthy human subjects were orally given alcohol resulting in low-dose alcohol concentration (less than 0.8 ‰) blood alcohol concentration. Before and after exposure, horizontal saccadic eye movements were recorded at several points in time. The recordings were evaluated with regard to accuracy of the eye movements, latency, the peak eye velocity and the time constant that characterizes the main sequence. The results were compared to recordings from a reference group.Results: It was found that the saccadic eye movement was clearly altered by low-dose alcohol intake.However, its characteristics were not unambiguously pathological when compared to the reference group, even though the subjects reported a moderate to strong effect of alcohol and there were clear signs of inebriation. Conclusions:The findings render the evaluation of saccades unsuitable as a simple test for the detection of low-dose alcohol intake.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Several studies have previously established that saccade latencies are prolonged and peak eye velocities are reduced under the influence of moderate-to-high levels of blood alcohol values [15][16][17][18] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saccadic eye movements after low-dose oral alcohol exposure

Schmitt

Lanz

Muser

et al. 2013

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The vehicle injections did not by themselves produce significant reductions in SEV compared to baseline in either group or cycle phase, but it is quite conceivable that a repeated measures ANOVA would have detected a significant SEV reduction over time. Ethanol itself has positive modulatory effects at GABA A receptors [44], and is known to reduce the SEV [45]. It is therefore likely that the small amount of ethanol present in the vehicle solution would have been able to induce changes in SEV response over time in sensitive subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patients with Premenstrual Syndrome Have a Different Sensitivity to a Neuroactive Steroid during the Menstrual Cycle Compared to Control Subjects

et al. 1998

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We have evaluated the functional sensitivity to a neuroactive steroid in 12 women with and 12 women without premenstrual syndrome (PMS) at two stages of the menstrual cycle, by comparing the effects of three increasing doses of intravenous pregnanolone (3α-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one) on saccadic eye velocity (SEV) and self-rated sedation. Control subjects in the follicular and luteal phase showed a significant reduction in SEV after pregnanolone injections compared to vehicle. In PMS patients, pregnanolone injections induced a significant dose-related decrease in SEV compared to vehicle only in the follicular phase, not in the luteal phase. After pregnanolone injections, sedation scores increased significantly from vehicle among control subjects in the luteal phase but not among PMS patients in either cycle phase. High-severity PMS patients responded with less decrease in SEV and less increase in sedation scores following pregnanolone injections compared to low-severity patients. Control subjects increased their SEV response to pregnanolone in the luteal phase compared to the follicular phase, whereas PMS patients did not. These findings are compatible with a decreased GABA_A-receptor sensitivity in brain areas controlling saccadic eye movements among PMS patients in the late luteal phase.

show abstract

“…A variety of drugs have been shown to affect all these measures of saccadic eye movement. Thus alcohol has been shown to reduce saccadic velocity, though not latency (Wilkinson, 1976;Wilkinson et al, 1979;Jantti et al, 1983), and the additive effects of marijuana and alcohol on the reduction of both saccadic maximum velocity and reaction time have been demonstrated by Baloh and coworkers (1979). Diazepam and other benzodiazepines have been shown to produce dose dependent increases in saccadic duration and decreases in saccadic velocity (Jurgens et al, 1981;Rothenberg & Selkoe, 1981a;Bittencourt et al, 1981;Salonen et al, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The effect on motion sickness and oculomotor function of GR 38032F, a 5‐ HT3‐receptor antagonist with anti‐emetic properties.

Stott

Barnes

Wright

et al. 1989

Brit J Clinical Pharma

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1. The 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT3) receptor antagonist, GR 38032F, which possesses potent anti‐emetic properties in vomiting induced by cancer chemotherapeutic drugs, has been tested to determine its value in the prophylaxis of motion sickness induced by cross‐coupled stimulation. The double‐blind trial compared GR 38032F with both a placebo (lactose) and with hyoscine. In addition, studies of ocular pursuit and saccadic eye movements were carried out following the administration of each drug. 2. The prophylactic effect of GR 38032F on motion‐induced nausea was indistinguishable from that of placebo, whereas following hyoscine subjects showed a highly significant (P less than 0.001) increase in tolerance to cross‐coupled stimulation. Tests of oculomotor function showed no effect on saccadic eye movement from either drug. However, both drugs produced a significant (P less than 0.05) though small reduction in eye velocity gain during pursuit eye movement. 3. These findings suggest that the 5‐HT3 receptor is not involved in the neural pathways that bring about motion sickness, but that it may have a role in the control of ocular pursuit. The absence of an anti‐motion sickness effect from a drug that is effective in the treatment of vomiting induced by cancer chemotherapy serves to emphasize that different neural mechanisms are involved in the generation of motion sickness.

show abstract

Acute effects of intravenously given alcohol on saccadic eye movements and subjective evaluations of intoxication

Cited by 55 publications

References 15 publications

Saccadic eye movements after low-dose oral alcohol exposure

Saccadic eye movements after low-dose oral alcohol exposure

Patients with Premenstrual Syndrome Have a Different Sensitivity to a Neuroactive Steroid during the Menstrual Cycle Compared to Control Subjects

The effect on motion sickness and oculomotor function of GR 38032F, a 5‐ HT3‐receptor antagonist with anti‐emetic properties.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About