Acute effects of aerobic exercise intensity on arterial stiffness after glucose ingestion in young men

Abstract

Arterial stiffness increases after glucose ingestion. Acute low- and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise decreases arterial stiffness. However, the acute effects of 30 min of cycling at low- and moderate-intensity [25% (LE trial) and 65% (ME trial) peak oxygen uptake, respectively] on arterial stiffness at 30, 60 and 120 min of a postexercise glucose ingestion. Ten healthy young men (age, 22·4 ± 0·5 years) performed LE and ME trials on separate days in a randomized controlled crossover fashion. Carotid-femoral (aortic) pulse wave velocity (PWV), femoral-ankle (leg) PWV, carotid augmentation index (AIx) and carotid blood pressure (BP) (applanation tonometry), brachial and ankle BP (oscillometric device), heart rate (HR) (electrocardiography), blood glucose (UV-hexokinase method) and blood insulin (CLEIA method) levels were measured at before (baseline) and at 30, 60 and 120 min after the 75-g OGTT. Leg PWV, ankle pulse pressure and BG levels significantly increased from baseline after the 75-g OGTT in the LE trial (P<0·05), but not in the ME trial. Insulin levels and HR significantly increased from baseline after the 75-g OGTT in both trials (P<0·05). Aortic PWV, carotid AIx, brachial BP and carotid BP did not change from baseline after the 75-g OGTT in both trials. The present findings indicate that aerobic exercise at moderate intensity before glucose ingestion suppresses increases leg arterial stiffness after glucose ingestion.

Effects of exercise intensity on vascular and autonomic components of the baroreflex following glucose ingestion in adolescents

“…As arterial compliance is partially dependent on endothelial function (Wilkinson et al 2004), the lack of decrease in CCA compliance in the present study may be explained by previous literature showing no decrease in endothelial function in normal weight children during an OGTT (Dengel et al 2007). Moreover, and different to the present study, adult studies have shown increase in arterial stiffness, assessed as pulse wave velocity, following an OGTT (Baynard et al 2009; Kobayashi et al 2018). Differences in the arterial stiffness assessment method (i.e., CCA compliance and distensibility vs central and peripheral pulse wave velocity), or differences in arterial stiffness due to ageing (Lenard et al 2004), may explain discrepancies between the present study and the adult literature.…”

“…This is the first study to investigate the impact of different exercise intensities on BRS following the ingestion of a glucose load, which limits direct comparisons with previous studies. We reasoned that performing exercise before the ingestion of a glucose load would confer vascular protection by blunting possible increase in vascular stiffness following the OGTT, as recently reported in adults (Kobayashi et al 2018). Our results do not support this hypothesis as no differences were observed between conditions (HIIE, MIIE and CON) for the delta changes in arterial compliance.…”

No impact of acute hyperglycaemia on arterial stiffness in the early and late follicular phases of the menstrual cycle in young females

“…Contrary to our hypothesis, an oral glucose challenge did not change central or peripheral PWV, despite significant increases in blood glucose and insulin concnetrations. These findings suggest that premenopausal women may experience protection against the acute hyperglycaemiainduced increases in arterial stiffness previously reported in healthy populations (Gordin et al, 2007;Kobayashi et al, 2015Kobayashi et al, , 2018Kobayashi et al, , 2019Mullan et al, 2004).…”

“…In contrast to the present findings in young women, some previous research in men and postmenopausal women has reported increases in arterial stiffness with hyperglycaemia (Baynard et al, 2009;Gordin et al, 2007;Huang et al, 2007;Kobayashi et al, 2015Kobayashi et al, , 2018Kobayashi et al, , 2019Mullan et al, 2004). Most directly comparable to the methods of the present study, Kobayashi and colleagues (2015Kobayashi and colleagues ( , 2018Kobayashi and colleagues ( , 2019 found that leg but not aortic (carotid-femoral) PWV increased after acute hyperglycaemia in healthy young men.…”

Acute Effects of Pedaling Cadence at Low Intensity on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Young Men

“…Secondly, we did not ask subjects to fast overnight. Previous study showed that arterial stiffness changes happened within 120 min after the ingestion of glucose [11], and there was also another study demonstrating that arterial stiffness did not differ significantly postprandial [15]. We did the baseline measurement in subjects at least 2 h postprandial, hoping the results of the study would be more practical because people do not deliberately exercise after overnight fasting in daily life.…”