Acute effect of multiple ozone metrics on mortality by season in 34 Chinese counties in 2013–2015

Sun, Qing; Wang, W.; Chen, C.; Ban, Jie; Xu, Dongqun; Zhu, Pengfei; He, Mike Z.; Li, T.

doi:10.1111/joim.12724

Cited by 45 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It is also possible that either 1- or 8-h max concentrations were simply used due to the data availability in previous epidemiologic studies of short-term ozone effects (16–20). In addressing exposure to low-level concentrations (such as concentrations below the current air quality standard), however, 24-h average may be another relevant measure of daily exposure, at least for certain outcomes (21–24).…”

Section: Human Exposure and Dosimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone Pollution: A Major Health Hazard Worldwide

2019

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Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released into the atmosphere can react in the presence of solar irradiation, leading to ozone formation in the troposphere. Historically, before clean air regulations were implemented to control NOx and VOCs, ozone concentrations were high enough to exert acute effects such as eye and nose irritation, respiratory disease emergencies, and lung function impairment. At or above current regulatory standards, day-to-day variations in ozone concentrations have been positively associated with asthma incidence and daily non-accidental mortality rate. Emerging evidence has shown that both short-term and long-term exposures to ozone, at concentrations below the current regulatory standards, were associated with increased mortality due to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The pathophysiology to support the epidemiologic associations between mortality and morbidity and ozone centers at the chemical and toxicological property of ozone as a strong oxidant, being able to induce oxidative damages to cells and the lining fluids of the airways, and immune-inflammatory responses within and beyond the lung. These new findings add substantially to the existing challenges in controlling ozone pollution. For example, in the United States in 2016, 90% of non-compliance to the national ambient air quality standards was due to ozone whereas only 10% was due to particulate matter and other regulated pollutants. Climate change, through creating atmospheric conditions favoring ozone formation, has been and will continue to increase ozone concentrations in many parts of world. Worldwide, ozone is responsible for several hundreds of thousands of premature deaths and tens of millions of asthma-related emergency room visits annually. To combat ozone pollution globally, more aggressive reductions in fossil fuel consumption are needed to cut NOx and VOCs as well as greenhouse gas emissions. Meanwhile, preventive and therapeutic strategies are needed to alleviate the detrimental effects of ozone especially in more susceptible individuals. Interventional trials in humans are needed to evaluate the efficacy of antioxidants and ozone-scavenging compounds that have shown promising results in animal studies.

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Section: Human Exposure and Dosimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone Pollution: A Major Health Hazard Worldwide

2019

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“…For each Île-de-France department, eight SIREN simulations are conducted (five for dwellings and three for offices/schools) at a 3 min time step. The penetration factor is fixed to 0.8 through the building shell and 1 through air inlet based on the state of the art (Chen and Zhao, 2011;Monn, 2001;Stephens et al, 2012;Thatcher et al, 2003). Confronting numerical simulations with SIREN and I / O ratio measurements, the deposition rate was fixed to 0.1 h −1 .…”

Section: Dwellings Offices and Schoolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

EXPLUME v1.0: a model for personal exposure to ambient O<sub>3</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>

et al. 2020

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Abstract. This paper presents the first version of the regional-scale personal exposure model EXPLUME (EXposure to atmospheric PolLUtion ModEling). The model uses simulated gridded data of outdoor O3 and PM2.5 concentrations and several population and building-related datasets to simulate (1) space–time activity event sequences, (2) the infiltration of atmospheric contaminants indoors, and (3) daily aggregated personal exposure. The model is applied over the greater Paris region at 2 km×2 km resolution for the entire year of 2017. Annual averaged population exposure is discussed. We show that population mobility within the region, disregarding pollutant concentrations indoors, has only a small effect on average daily exposure. By contrast, considering the infiltration of PM2.5 in buildings decreases annual average exposure by 11 % (population average). Moreover, accounting for PM2.5 exposure during transportation (in vehicle, while waiting on subway platforms, and while crossing on-road tunnels) increases average population exposure by 5 %. We show that the spatial distribution of PM2.5 and O3 exposure is similar to the concentration maps over the region, but the exposure scale is very different when accounting for indoor exposure. We model large intra-population variability in PM2.5 exposure as a function of the transportation mode, especially for the upper percentiles of the distribution. Overall, 20 % of the population using bicycles or motorcycles is exposed to annual average PM2.5 concentrations above the EU target value (25 µg m−3), compared to 0 % for people travelling by car. Finally, we develop a 2050 horizon projection of the building stock to study how changes in the buildings' characteristics to comply with the thermal regulations will affect personal exposure. We show that exposure to ozone will decrease by as much as 14 % as a result of this projection, whereas there is no significant impact on exposure to PM2.5.

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“…Ozone chemistry with skin lipids can alter the quality of the air we breathe indoors and also adversely impact the skin. Ozone is itself responsible for many adverse health effects and has been shown to be associated with morbidity and mortality worldwide. − Ozone consumption with skin, clothing, deposited skin flakes, or skin oils all reduce indoor concentrations of ozone. In more densely occupied settings, this effect can dominate all other ozone removal mechanisms .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yields and Variability of Ozone Reaction Products from Human Skin

Morrison

Eftekhari

Majluf

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The skin of 20 human participants was exposed to ∼110 ppb O 3 and volatile products of the resulting chemistry were quantified in real time. Yields (ppb product emitted/ppb ozone consumed) for 40 products were quantified. Major products of the primary reaction of ozone-squalene included 6-methyl 5-hepten-2one (6-MHO) and geranyl acetone (GA) with average yields of 0.22 and 0.16, respectively. Other major products included decanal, methacrolein (or methyl vinyl ketone), nonanal, and butanal. Yields varied widely among participants; summed yields ranged from 0.33 to 0.93. The dynamic increase in emission rates during ozone exposure also varied among participants, possibly indicative of differences in the thickness of the skin lipid layer. Factor analysis indicates that much of the variability among participants is due to factors associated with the relative abundance of (1) "fresh" skin lipid constituents (such as squalene and fatty acids), (2) oxidized skin lipids, and (3) exogenous compounds. This last factor appears to be associated with the presence of oleic and linoleic acids and could be accounted for by uptake of cooking oils or personal care products to skin lipids.

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Acute effect of multiple ozone metrics on mortality by season in 34 Chinese counties in 2013–2015

Abstract: Our findings suggest that in China, the acute effects of ozone are more closely related to daily average exposure than any other metric.

Cited by 45 publications

References 34 publications

Ozone Pollution: A Major Health Hazard Worldwide

Ozone Pollution: A Major Health Hazard Worldwide

EXPLUME v1.0: a model for personal exposure to ambient O<sub>3</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>

Yields and Variability of Ozone Reaction Products from Human Skin

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Acute effect of multiple ozone metrics on mortality by season in 34 Chinese counties in 2013–2015

Abstract: Our findings suggest that in China, the acute effects of ozone are more closely related to daily average exposure than any other metric.

Cited by 45 publications

References 34 publications

Ozone Pollution: A Major Health Hazard Worldwide

Ozone Pollution: A Major Health Hazard Worldwide

EXPLUME v1.0: a model for personal exposure to ambient O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt;

Yields and Variability of Ozone Reaction Products from Human Skin

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

EXPLUME v1.0: a model for personal exposure to ambient O<sub>3</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>