Acute Effect of Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Upper-Body Resistance Exercise Performance in Recreationally Resistance-Trained Men

Gonzalez, Adam M.; Spitz, Robert W.; Ghigiarelli, Jamie J.; Sell, Katie; Mangine, Gerald T.

doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000002373

Cited by 24 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The present investigation has also not demonstrated the effects of CIT supplementation on muscle resistance (maximum repetitions), as well as on PSE. These results corroborate previous studies 36,37 that did not identify ergogenic benefits in muscle resistance. In line with the present study, Cutrufello et al 13 examined the ingestion effects of a single dose of L-citrulline (6 g) or 710 ml of watermelon juice (approximately 1 g of citrulline) on the number of repetitions achieved in the bench press exercise, time to exhaustion, maximum oxygen consumption and anaerobic threshold during a maximum treadmill test.…”

Section: Bendahan D Matteisupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Aerobic and Muscular Endurance in Young Adults Men

Grala¹,

Candellório²,

Sperandio³

et al. 2021

J. Health Scie.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of citrulline malate (CIT) supplementation on aerobic and muscular endurance in young adult males. Eighteen young adult men (age: 21.5 ± 2.7 years) were randomized into two groups (Citrulline malate - CIT and Placebo - PLA; N = 9/group ) and received the respective supplements for 7 days. The CIT group was supplemented with 6 g CIT + 6 g dextrose (total: 12 g), while the PLA group received the same amount (12 g) of dextrose. At the pre- and post-supplementation, the following variables were analyzed: aerobic (maximal treadmill test, Tmax) and muscle (repetitions maximum test, Rmax) endurance tests, as well as mean and maximum heart rate (HR) in Tmax and ratings of perceived exertion (PSE) in Rmax. No significant (P > 0.05) differences were found between CIT and PLA groups in time until exhaustion in Tmax, total repetitions in Rmax, maximal HR and PSE from pre- to post-supplementation. The mean HR was statistically lower (P < 0.05) in the CIT group compared to the PLA in the Tmax. In conclusion, supplementation of CIT (6 g / day) does not improve aerobic and muscular endurance, as well as maximal HR or PSE in healthy young adults, despite reducing the mean HR during the maximal incremental test. Keywords: Endurance Training. Dietary Supplements. Physical Functional Performance. Citrulline. Nitric Oxide. ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de citrulina malato (CIT) sobre a resistência aeróbica e muscular em homens adultos jovens. Em um desenho experimental randomizado, duplo-cego e controlado com placebo, dezoito homens adultos jovens (idade: 21,5 ± 2,7 anos) foram randomizados em dois grupos (Citrulina malato – CIT e Placebo – PLA; N = 9/grupo) e receberam os respectivos suplementos por um período de 7 dias. O grupo CIT foi suplementado com 6 g de CIT + 6 g de dextrose (total: 12 g), enquanto o grupo PLA recebeu a mesma quantidade (12 g) de dextrose. Nos momentos pré e pós suplementação as seguintes variáveis foram analisadas: resistência aeróbia (teste incremental máximo em esteira rolante, Tmáx) e muscular (teste de repetições máximas, Rmáx), bem como a frequência cardíaca (FC) média e máxima no Tmáx e a análise da percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) no Rmáx. Nenhuma diferença significante (P > 0,05) foi encontrada entre os grupos CIT e PLA no tempo até a exaustão no Tmáx, total de repetições no Rmáx, FC máxima e PSE do momento pré para o pós suplementação. A FC média foi estatisticamente (P < 0,05) menor no grupo CIT comparado ao PLA no Tmáx. Em conclusão, a suplementação de CIT (6 g/dia) não melhora a resistência aeróbica e muscular, bem como a FC máxima ou PSE em adultos jovens saudáveis, apesar de reduzir a FC média durante o teste incremental máximo. Palavras-chave: Treino Aeróbico. Suplementos Nutricionais. Desempenho Físico Funcional. Citrulina. Óxido Nítrico.

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Section: Bendahan D Matteisupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Aerobic and Muscular Endurance in Young Adults Men

Grala¹,

Candellório²,

Sperandio³

et al. 2021

J. Health Scie.

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“…However, not all studies have observed ergogenic effects of citrulline malate consumption. Two recent studies failed to show improvement in performance, augment the muscle swelling response to training, alleviate fatigue or increase focus and energy following citrulline malate supplement in recreational resistance trained men [112,113].…”

Section: Dietary Supplementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition Recommendations for Bodybuilders in the Off-Season: A Narrative Review

Iraki¹,

Fitschen²,

Espinar³

et al. 2019

Sports

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Many nutrition practices often used by bodybuilders lack scientific support and can be detrimental to health. Recommendations during the dieting phase are provided in the scientific literature, but little attention has been devoted to bodybuilders during the off-season phase. During the off-season phase, the goal is to increase muscle mass without adding unnecessary body fat. This review evaluated the scientific literature and provides nutrition and dietary supplement recommendations for natural bodybuilders during the off-season phase. A hyper-energetic diet (~10–20%) should be consumed with a target weight gain of ~0.25–0.5% of bodyweight/week for novice/intermediate bodybuilders. Advanced bodybuilders should be more conservative with the caloric surplus and weekly weight gain. Sufficient protein (1.6–2.2 g/kg/day) should be consumed with optimal amounts 0.40–0.55 g/kg per meal and distributed evenly throughout the day (3–6 meals) including within 1–2 hours pre- and post-training. Fat should be consumed in moderate amounts (0.5–1.5 g/kg/day). Remaining calories should come from carbohydrates with focus on consuming sufficient amounts (≥3–5 g/kg/day) to support energy demands from resistance exercise. Creatine monohydrate (3–5 g/day), caffeine (5–6 mg/kg), beta-alanine (3–5 g/day) and citrulline malate (8 g/day) might yield ergogenic effects that can be beneficial for bodybuilders.

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“…Nevertheless, several studies have investigated the ergogenic potential of CitMal supplementation on both aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance (Gonzalez & Trexler, 2020). Due to its potential to delay fatigue during highintensity exercise, studies have specifically investigated the acute effects of CitMal supplementation on strength, power, and resistance training performance (Chappell et al, 2018a(Chappell et al, , 2018bCunniffe et al, 2016;Cutrufello et al, 2015;da Silva et al, 2017;Farney et al, 2017;Glenn et al, 2015Glenn et al, , 2016Gonzalez et al, 2017;Martínez-Sánchez et al, 2017;Pérez-Guisado & Jakeman, 2010;Trexler et al, 2019a;Wax et al, 2015aWax et al, , 2015b. Although these studies have offered mixed findings, some have shown that acute CitMal supplementation may increase performance during highintensity strength and power tasks.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, several of the studies have demonstrated that subjects who consume a single dose of CitMal (6-8 g) experience less fatigue to the working muscles compared with a placebo groupallowing them to perform more repetitions to failure (Pérez-Guisado & Jakeman, 2010;Wax et al, 2015aWax et al, , 2015b). However, not all studies have shown such favorable results (Chappell et al, 2018a(Chappell et al, , 2018bda Silva et al, 2017;Gonzalez et al, 2017). Recently, a published meta-analysis has indicated a small beneficial effect of CitMal supplementation on high-intensity strength and power performance; however, the analysis included several different strength and power variables from resistance training and sprinting performance tests involving large muscle groups (Trexler et al, 2019b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Effect of Citrulline Malate on Repetition Performance During Strength Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Vårvik

Bjørnsen

Gonzalez

2021

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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Citrulline malate (CitMal) is a dietary supplement that is suggested to enhance strength training performance. However, there is conflicting evidence on this matter. Thus, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine whether supplementing with CitMal prior to strength training could increase the total number of repetitions performed before reaching voluntary muscular failure. A systematic search was conducted wherein the inclusion criteria were double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in healthy participants that examined the effect of CitMal on repetitions to failure during upper body and lower body resistance exercises. The Hedges’s g standardized mean differences (SMD) between the placebo and CitMal trials were calculated and used in a random effect model. Two separate subanalyses were performed for upper body and lower body exercises. Eight studies, including 137 participants who consisted of strength-trained men (n = 101) and women (n = 26) in addition to untrained men (n = 9), fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Across the studies, 14 single-joint and multijoint exercises were performed with an average of 51 ± 23 total repetitions during 5 ± 3 sets per exercise at ∼70% of one-repetition maximum. Supplementing with 6–8 g of CitMal 40–60 min before exercise increased repetitions by 3 ± 5 (6.4 ± 7.9%) compared with placebo (p = .022) with a small SMD (0.196). The subanalysis for the lower body resulted in a tendency for an effect of the supplement (8.1 ± 8.4%, SMD: 0.27, p = .051) with no significant effect for the upper body (5.7 ± 8.4%, SMD: 0.16, p = .131). The current analysis observed a small ergogenic effect of CitMal compared with placebo. Acute CitMal supplementation may, therefore, delay fatigue and enhance muscle endurance during high-intensity strength training.

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Acute Effect of Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Upper-Body Resistance Exercise Performance in Recreationally Resistance-Trained Men

Cited by 24 publications

References 19 publications

Effects of Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Aerobic and Muscular Endurance in Young Adults Men

Effects of Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Aerobic and Muscular Endurance in Young Adults Men

Nutrition Recommendations for Bodybuilders in the Off-Season: A Narrative Review

Acute Effect of Citrulline Malate on Repetition Performance During Strength Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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