“…Previous studies have shown that the health effects of long COVID-19 may be multi-system, including not only non-specific general symptoms but also respiratory, cardiovascular, blood, kidney, gastrointestinal, neurological, and metabolic system effects, and even thrombosis, retinal abnormalities, male erectile dysfunction, and other complications [ 8 , 11 , 12 ]. In addition, COVID-19 might be related to long-term decreased quality of life and mental health issues [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], a meta-analysis suggested that post-acute COVID-19 syndrome was associated with poor quality of life and persistent symptoms, including fatigue, dyspnea, anosmia, sleep disturbances, and worse mental health [ 15 ]. A recent study based on the United Kingdom Biobank (aged 51–81) reported that SARS-CoV-2 was associated with structural changes in the brain, such as changes in the frontal cortex and parahippocampal gyrus, tissue damage in areas linked to primary olfactory cortex function, and a reduction in global brain size [ 17 ].…”