Activity limitation and social participation restriction among leprosy patients in Boru Meda Hospital, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Abstract

Background Although Ethiopia eliminated leprosy as public health problem 20 years ago, still more than 3000 new cases are reported annually. Leprosy related disability affects patients' day to day physical activities and their participation in social activities. Assessing the degree of activity limitation and social participation is recommended to show disability and assess the efficacy of rehabilitation efforts. Methodology and principal finding A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted among a total of 305 leprosy patients. Data were collected by face to face interview using Screening of Activity Limitation and Safety Awareness (SALSA) scale and participation scale. The analysis was done with SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics was done and then binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with activity limitation as well as participation limitation. Most patients (219, 71.8%) had activity limitation; 41 (13.4%) with severe and 25 (8.2%) with extreme limitations. More than half of patients (168, 55.1%) were suffering from participation restriction; with 43 (14.1%) having severe restriction and 30 (9.8%) extreme restriction. Older age, low educational status, distance from treatment center, time of treatment and higher Eye, Hand, Foot disability score were associated with activity limitation. Similarly, older age, low educational status and being unmarried were significantly associated with participation restriction. Conclusion This study revealed that activity limitation and participation restriction are common among leprosy patients. Earlier diagnosis and improved rehabilitative services may help to decrease activity limitation, whereas community rehabilitation may improve social PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES

Fatores associados à limitação de atividade em casos novos de hanseníase em município hiperendêmico do Nordeste, Brasil

“…14,27,28 O desfecho limitação de atividade se deu por meio da escala SALSA (screening of activity limitation and safety awareness), versão brasileira e validada, que tem suporte na classificação internacional de funcionalidade (CIF), é formada por 20 questões padronizadas capazes de avaliar domínios relacionados a acuidade visual, mobilidade dos pés, autocuidado, trabalho e destreza das mãos, gerando os escores de triagem de limitação de atividade e de consciência de risco de pessoas acometidas por neuropatias periféricas. 14,15 O resultado varia de 1 a 80, podendo ser estratificado em: de 10-24 (sem limitação); 25-39 (limitação leve); 40-49 (limitação moderada); 50-59 (limitação severa); 60-80 (limitação muito severa). 16,17,28…”

“…8,[10][11][12][13] Em razão desse contexto, recomenda-se que os indivíduos diagnosticados com hanseníase sejam submetidos à avaliação neurológica simplificada e das limitações de atividade de vida diária, com a utilização da escala SALSA (screening of activity limitation and safety awareness). 2,8,14,[15][16][17] O reconhecimento do perfil e dos fatores associados à limitação de atividades em decorrência da hanseníase podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de ações de saúde no âmbito municipal que envolva os diferentes níveis de atenção, com destaque para a atenção primária à saúde (APS), que juntamente com a estratégia saúde da família cumpre um papel importante na promoção, prevenção e controle de agravos na saúde pública, sendo por tanto principal porta de entrada da população aos serviços de saúde. [18][19][20] Na APS são realizadas ações de educação em saúde, que possibilitam prevenção, detecção precoce de casos e adesão ao tratamento da hanseníase, ainda é realizado a notificação de casos detectados, busca ativa de casos através da realização de exame de manchas, busca e avaliação dos contatos intradomiciliares, encaminhamento para atendimento especializado e acompanhamento do paciente na administração da dose supervisionada.…”

Profil Dehabilitasi Pasien Kusta di Rumah Sakit Kusta Alverno Singkawang: Studi Pendahuluan

“…Data penelitian dari berbagai negara juga melaporkan bahwa tipe MB merupakan kasus terbanyak. 10,19,20 Selain sebagai sumber penularan karena memiliki jumlah basil yang banyak, tipe MB juga memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terjadinya disabilitas. 21 Penelitian de Paula et al, 20 mendapatkan tipe MB empat kali lebih besar untuk mengalami disabilitas fisik dibandingkan tipe PB.…”

“…Berbagai penelitian melaporkan kejadian reaksi kusta berkisar 20 hingga 43%. 10,17 Reaksi kusta merupakan faktor risiko disabilitas jika tidak ditangani dengan baik. Disabilitas menyebabkan stigma semakin sulit untuk dihilangkan.…”

Evaluation of proposed cranial and maxillary bone alteration parameters in persons affected by Hansen’s disease

“…The impact of HD on individual affected persons and the overall burden on health systems is amplified by delayed diagnosis, which increases the risk of patients presenting with HD-related impairments and disabilities [ 2 , 3 ]. These can include bone alterations, particularly in the hands, feet and face [ 4 ], leading to secondary complications [ 5 ], long-term disability and diminished quality-of-life [ 6 – 8 ], and contributing to stigmatization of persons affected by HD.…”