Activity in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Hyphosphere Warning Neighbouring Plants

Abstract

Pathogen infections of the phyllosphere have been investigated in detail, however, the changes induced by these infections on the arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphosphere, and the consequent signalling to the neighbouring plants have been scarcely investigated. Here, our objectives were to document that B.fabae infection of connected Vicia faba plants resulted in changes in the metabolism and microbial community of the hyphosphere, confirming the induction of plant defence in connected plants through gene-expression evaluations. Infected plants were challenged with B. fabae for 72 h. Changes in gene-expression of pathogenesis-related proteins 1,2, and 5 ( PR1 , PR2 , PR5 ) of both infected- and non-infected plants were analysed, to confirm signalling through the hyphosphere. The primary metabolic profiles and changes in the level of microbiota in the hyphosphere were assessed. Changes in expression of PR1 , PR2 , and PR5 genes occurred in the neighbouring plants 24 hours after infection. Mannitol levels decreased in presence of AMF. A decrease in the level of actinobacteria in the hyphosphere of infected plants was detected. We conclude that B.fabae infection induced a signalling event through the AM hyphosphere, confirmed by changes in defence gene-expression in non-infected neighbouring plants, influenced primary metabolic activity of-, and affected the microbial composition within-, the AM hyphosphere.

Aboveground herbivory does not affect mycorrhiza-dependent nitrogen acquisition from soil but inhibits mycorrhizal network-mediated nitrogen interplant transfer in maize

“…As Song et al. reported that CMNs could mediate disease defense signaling between tomato plants ( Song et al., 2010 ), CMNs have served as a “pipeline” for defense signaling transfer in various mycorrhizal plants, including Vicia faba L ( Babikova et al., 2013 ; Babikova et al., 2013 ; Cabral et al., 2019 )., citrus ( Poncirus trifoliata L.) ( Zhang et al., 2019 ), and potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) ( Alaux et al., 2020 ). A recent study on tobacco ( Nicotiana attenuata ) showed that the ERMs of CMNs expanded the scale of plant defenses and might act as a channel for the transmission of defense signals and terpenoids that help neighboring plants build better defense responses ( Song et al., 2019 ).…”

Distinct gene expression and secondary metabolite profiles insuppressor of prosystemin-mediated responses2 (spr2)tomato mutants having impaired mycorrhizal colonization

“…Other benefits include increased reproductive success and/ or tolerance to (a)biotic stresses. Several of the above effects are finely regulated by phytohormones, via a limitedly understood and highly context dependent interaction (Gutjahr, 2014;Selosse, Bessis & Pozo, 2014;Pozo et al, 2015;Lenoir, Fontaine & Sahraoui, 2016;Bedini et al, 2018;Liao et al, 2018;Cabral et al, 2019;Evelin et al, 2019).…”

Research progress and prospect of signal transfer among plants mediated by arbuscular mycorrhizal networks

“…Literature searches were conducted on November 19, 2020 in ISI Web of Science (http://apps.webofknowledge.com) using the following key words: "mycorrhiz* networks" OR "hypha* networks" OR "myceli* networks" OR "mycorrhiz* bridge" OR "mycel* bridge" OR "hypha* bridge". (Cabral et al, 2018(Cabral et al, , 2019Song et al, 2019;Alaux et al, 2020)…”

“…小转运速度(0.12 cm•h -1 )比较接近。Hettenhausen等 功能研究的常用装置 (Song et al, 2010(Song et al, , 2014(Song et al, , 2019Babikova et al, 2013a;Cabral et al, 2018Cabral et al, , 2019 , 2014Cabral et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2019;Alaux et al, 2020) (Song et al, 2019;Whiteside et al, 2019;Yuan et al, 2021), 结合 采用不同孔径(如0.45 μm和20 μm)尼龙网分室技术, (Egerton-Warburton et al, 2007;Hodge & Fitter, 2010;Babikova et al, 2013a;Cabral et al, 2018;Vahabi et al, 2018)…”