Activities of Daily Living Associated with Acquisition of Melioidosis in Northeast Thailand: A Matched Case-Control Study

Limmathurotsakul, Direk; Kanoksil, Manas; Wuthiekanun, Vanaporn; Kitphati, Rungrueng; DeStavola, Bianca; Day, Nicholas P. J.; Peacock, Sharon J.

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002072

Cited by 170 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…1 The transmission of this disease occurs by subcutaneous inoculation, inhalation, or ingestion. 2 The clinical manifestations of melioidosis are variable but can include pneumonia with or without septicemia, multiple organ abscesses, localized subcutaneous inflammation, and asymptomatic melioidosis. 1 From the age of 4, many individuals have already had extensive and repeated contact with B. pseudomallei in endemic areas, and high titers of antibody against B. pseudomallei are detected in the serum of children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of the Phenotypic and Pathogenic Patterns of Burkholderia pseudomallei that Persist in a Soil Environment

Chen

Shieh

Goldsmith³

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Melioidosis is caused by the soil-borne pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei. To investigate whether the distinct phenotypic and virulent characteristics result from environmental adaptations in the soil or from the host body, two pairs of isogenic strains were generated by passages in soil or mice. After cultivation in soil, the levels of 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid, biofilm formation, flagellar expression, and ultrastructure were altered in the bacteria. Uniformly fatal melioidosis developed as a result of infection with mouse-derived strains; however, the survival rates of mice infected with soil-derived strains prolonged. After primary infection or reinfection with soil-derived strains, the mice developed a low degree of bacterial hepatitis and bacterial colonization in the liver and bone marrow compared with mice that were infected with isogenic or heterogenic mouse-derived strains. We suggest that specific phenotypic and pathogenic patterns can be induced through infection with B. pseudomallei that has been cultured in different (soil versus mouse) environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of the Phenotypic and Pathogenic Patterns of Burkholderia pseudomallei that Persist in a Soil Environment

Chen

Shieh

Goldsmith³

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…In the tropical Northern Territory, Australia, there have been Ͼ820 documented cases of melioidosis in the past 24 years, of which around 13% have been fatal (2,3). Percutaneous inoculation is considered the most common route of infection; however, case reports associated with severe weather events and B. pseudomallei-contaminated water supplies highlight the potentially important roles of inhalation and ingestion (1,2,4). In October 2012, B. pseudomallei was upgraded to Tier 1 select agent categorization by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention owing to fears of a deliberate release coupled with a high mortality rate, the lack of an available vaccine, and a nonspecific disease presentation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Northern Australia, a Land of Diversity

McRobb

Kaestli

Price

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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dBurkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative soil bacillus that is the etiological agent of melioidosis and a biothreat agent. Little is known about the biogeography of this bacterium in Australia, despite its hyperendemicity in the northern region of this continent. The population structure of 953 Australian B. pseudomallei strains representing 779 and 174 isolates of clinical and environmental origins, respectively, was analyzed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Bayesian population structure and network SplitsTree analyses were performed on concatenated MLST loci, and sequence type (ST) diversity and evenness were examined using Simpson's and Pielou's indices and a multivariate dissimilarity matrix. Bayesian analysis found two B. pseudomallei populations in Australia that were geographically distinct; isolates from the Northern Territory were grouped mainly into the first population, whereas the majority of isolates from Queensland were grouped in a second population. Differences in ST evenness were observed between sampling areas, confirming that B. pseudomallei is widespread and established across northern Australia, with a large number of fragmented habitats. ST analysis showed that B. pseudomallei populations diversified as the sampling area increased. This observation was in contrast to smaller sampling areas where a few STs predominated, suggesting that B. pseudomallei populations are ecologically established and not frequently dispersed. Interestingly, there was no identifiable ST bias between clinical and environmental isolates, suggesting the potential for all culturable B. pseudomallei isolates to cause disease. Our findings have important implications for understanding the ecology of B. pseudomallei in Australia and for potential source attribution of this bacterium in the event of unexpected cases of melioidosis.

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“…5 There is a distinct geographical variation in the clinical presentation in children, with suppurative parotitis more common in SEA and skin and soft tissue abscesses (other than parotid abscess) reported from Northern Australia. 1 The reason for the greater occurrence of parotid involvement in SEA is explained as probably due to the consumption of unchlorinated water from natural sources 6 or to genetic variations in the strains of B. pseudomallei.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melioidosis presenting as parotid abscess in children: two consecutive cases

Premaratne

Karunaratne

Dias

et al. 2017

Sri Lankan J Infec Dis

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Melioidosis is an emerging infection in Sri Lanka with increasing case reports, mostly in adults but also in children. We report two children with parotid abscess, which is one of the common clinical manifestations in the paediatric population in Southeast Asia but rare in Northern Australia. Both were previously healthy. The children recovered completely after surgical drainage and antibiotic treatment according to standard guidelines. Because the spectrum of disease in childhood is different from that in adults and underlying predisposing factors are usually not seen in children, a high index of suspicion is required for the diagnosis of paediatric melioidosis. Raising awareness among paediatricians in Sri Lanka of the clinical presentations of melioidosis in childhood is a prerequisite for improved ascertainment. The key role of the microbiology laboratory in the diagnosis of melioidosis is highlighted.

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Activities of Daily Living Associated with Acquisition of Melioidosis in Northeast Thailand: A Matched Case-Control Study

Cited by 170 publications

References 21 publications

Alteration of the Phenotypic and Pathogenic Patterns of Burkholderia pseudomallei that Persist in a Soil Environment

Alteration of the Phenotypic and Pathogenic Patterns of Burkholderia pseudomallei that Persist in a Soil Environment

Distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Northern Australia, a Land of Diversity

Melioidosis presenting as parotid abscess in children: two consecutive cases

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