Active Tuberculosis and Venous Thromboembolism: Association According to International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision Hospital Discharge Diagnosis Codes

Abstract

Tuberculosis must be considered as a pertinent risk factor for VTE and should be included in thromboembolism risk evaluation similar to any acute and severe infection.

Association of tuberculosis and deep venous thromboembolism in patients with autoimmune diseases

“…Finally, the main striking finding of this study is the association of TB diagnosis with venous thromboembolic events (VTE), documented in 31% of cases. In a recent study, TB was found to be an independent risk factor for VTE with a VTE prevalence of 2% among patients with active TB [10]. The much higher prevalence in our study could be explained by the conjunction of two pro-inflammatory states (i.e.…”

A Case of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Intracranial Sinus Thrombosis: Possible rare complications of childhood abdominal tuberculosis

“…6,7 There are very few reports of thrombotic complications among children with TB, possibly due to under-reporting. 3,4 This type of rare but serious complication can further increase the morbidity and mortality associated with TB in young children; 8 as such, clinicians should keep a high index of suspicion of DVT. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of childhood abdominal TB with DVT and intracranial sinus thrombosis.…”

HIV infection as a permanent, acquired risk factor for VTE

“…7,8 The risk of VTE also depends on the treatment of specific coinfections frequently observed in these patients, such as tuberculosis, Cytomegalovirus, and HCV, which contribute to the inflammatory e nvironment during cART. 9 Increasing age is one of the main acquired risk factors for VTE. 1 Interestingly, the profile of HIVassociated changes in markers of inflammation and coagulation are very similar to those reported with ageing and increased frailty in the general population (including a decline in endothelial nitric oxide production; increased platelet acti vation; and increased levels of ddimer, factors VIII, IX, and XI, fibrinogen, IL6, and von Willebrand factor).…”