Active Case Finding and Prevention of Tuberculosis Among a Cohort of Contacts Exposed to Infectious Tuberculosis Cases in New York City

Anger, H; Proops, Douglas; Harris, Tiffany G.; Li, Jiehui; Kreiswirth, Barry N.; Shashkina, Elena; Ahuja, Shama D.

doi:10.1093/cid/cis029

Cited by 39 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Our finding supporting the beneficial effect of initiating treatment is consistent with results in the parent study. 7 Further research is necessary to evaluate the magnitude of this protective effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 A recent NYC DOHMH study found that persons with a prior positive TST result were 30 times more likely to have active TB disease identified during contact investigation compared to contacts with negative TST results. 7 This unexpected finding demonstrated the possibility of new infection among contacts with a prior positive TST result and revealed a potential opportunity to prevent additional cases of active TB disease by identifying and treating those contacts at high risk for active TB disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…1). 7 An index patient was defined as the person with confirmed infectious TB reported to the NYC DOHMH. Contacts were persons named during contact investigation of an infectious TB patient who was exposed during the infectious period.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Follow-up time was restricted to 4 years in order to maintain consistency with the parent study. 7 The final study population included the 2,933 (10 %) contacts (of 1,740 persons with infectious TB) with evidence of a prior positive TST result at the time of contact investigation. Contacts were classified as having a prior positive TST if they had a positive TST documented in the TB registry prior to the index patient's infectious period, provided documentation of a prior positive TST result during the contact investigation, or provided a history compatible with a prior diagnosis of TB infection (e.g., previous treatment for TB infection).…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5 However, contacts identified during a contact investigation may also have a history of a prior positive tuberculin skin test (TST) result; one study found that 10 % of contacts had a prior positive TST. 6 Until recently, the risk for such individuals to develop active TB disease was unknown, 7 and guidelines do not make specific treatment recommendations for contacts with a prior positive TST, except to state that decisions to treat must be individualized. 1 The challenge of evaluating contacts with a prior positive TST result is of particular concern to health departments that serve communities with substantial foreign-born populations, such New York City (NYC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Risk for Tuberculosis Disease Among Contacts with Prior Positive Tuberculin Skin Test: A retrospective Cohort Study, New York City

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Risk for Tuberculosis Disease Among Contacts with Prior Positive Tuberculin Skin Test: A retrospective Cohort Study, New York City

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Interventions to increase tuberculosis case detection at primary healthcare or community-level services

Mhimbira

Cuevas

Dacombe

et al. 2017

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundPulmonary tuberculosis is usually diagnosed when symptomatic individuals seek care at healthcare facilities, and healthcare workers have a minimal role in promoting the health-seeking behaviour. However, some policy specialists believe the healthcare system could be more active in tuberculosis diagnosis to increase tuberculosis case detection.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of different strategies to increase tuberculosis case detection through improving access (geographical, financial, educational) to tuberculosis diagnosis at primary healthcare or community-level services.Search methodsWe searched the following databases for relevant studies up to 19 December 2016: the Cochrane Infectious Disease Group Specialized Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), published in the Cochrane Library, Issue 12, 2016; MEDLINE; Embase; Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index; BIOSIS Previews; and Scopus. We also searched the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP), ClinicalTrials.gov, and the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT) for ongoing trials.Selection criteriaRandomized and non-randomized controlled studies comparing any intervention that aims to improve access to a tuberculosis diagnosis, with no intervention or an alternative intervention.Data collection and analysisTwo review authors independently assessed trials for eligibility and risk of bias, and extracted data. We compared interventions using risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach.Main resultsWe included nine cluster-randomized trials, one individual randomized trial, and seven non-randomized controlled studies. Nine studies were conducted in sub-Saharan Africa (Ethiopia, Nigeria, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe), six in Asia (Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Nepal, and Pakistan), and two in South America (Brazil and Colombia); which are all high tuberculosis prevalence areas.Tuberculosis outreach screening, using house-to-house visits, sometimes combined with printed information about going to clinic, may increase tuberculosis case detection (RR 1.24, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.79; 4 trials, 6,458,591 participants in 297 clusters, low-certainty evidence); and probably increases case detection in areas with tuberculosis prevalence of 5% or more (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.09; 3 trials, 155,918 participants, moderate-certainty evidence; prespecified stratified analysis). These interventions may lower the early default (prior to starting treatment) or default during treatment (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.96; 3 trials, 849 participants, low-certainty evidence). However, this intervention may have may have little or no effect on treatment success (RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.15; 3 trials, 849 participants, low-certainty evidence), and we do not know if there is an effect on treatment failure or mortality. One study investigated long-term prevalence in the community, but with no clea...

show abstract

Contact Investigation

O'Donoghue¹,

Kaur²

2021

Tuberculosis in Clinical Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Active Case Finding and Prevention of Tuberculosis Among a Cohort of Contacts Exposed to Infectious Tuberculosis Cases in New York City

Abstract: Contact investigation facilitates active case finding and tuberculosis prevention, even when completion rates of chemoprophylaxis are suboptimal.

Cited by 39 publications

References 17 publications

Risk for Tuberculosis Disease Among Contacts with Prior Positive Tuberculin Skin Test: A retrospective Cohort Study, New York City

Risk for Tuberculosis Disease Among Contacts with Prior Positive Tuberculin Skin Test: A retrospective Cohort Study, New York City

Interventions to increase tuberculosis case detection at primary healthcare or community-level services

Contact Investigation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About