Activation of the canonical nuclear factor-κB pathway is involved in isoflurane-induced hippocampal interleukin-1β elevation and the resultant cognitive deficits in aged rats

Sildenafil Reduces Neuroinflammation and Restores Spatial Learning in Rats with Hepatic Encephalopathy. Underlying Mechanisms

“…Increased IL-1β in hippocampus also mediates cognitive impairment following injection of lipopolysaccharide to mimic systemic infection [26] or isoflurane exposure to mimic anesthetic-related cognitive dysfunction in aging [27].…”

Influence of sevoflurane exposure on mitogen-activated protein kinases and Akt/GSK-3β/CRMP-2 signaling pathways in the developing rat brain

“…Neuroinf lammation contributes to volatile anesthetic-induced cognitive deficits and it has been demonstrated that isoflurane induces learning impairment by activating the NF-κB pathway and upregulating the expression of hippocampal interleukin-1β in rodents (39,40). Sevoflurane also increases levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the developing mouse brain (7).…”

Cognitive Dysfunction after Surgery: An Emergent Problem

“…Exposition of aged rats to volatile anaesthetic isoflurane can induce cognitive deficit, through the activation of hippocampal IL 1 β by NF-kB signalling in aged rats [46]. However other authors have not confirmed the decline of spatial memory in young rats, after sevoflurane and desflurane exposition [47].…”