Activation of the alternative complement pathway by Haemophilus influenzae type B

Quinn, P H; Crosson, Francis J.; Winkelstein, Jerry A.; Moxon, E. Richard

doi:10.1128/iai.16.1.400-402.1977

Cited by 49 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…The CCP is activated by a complex between antibody with bacterial surface antigens and sometimes directly by the lipid A moiety of LPS (Morrison and Kline 1977). The ACP is initiated independent of antibody (Quinn et al 1977;Boshra et al 2006). In our study, inhibition of the CCP by serum treatment with Mg2 + EGTA did not affect the bactericidal activity of the complement system.…”

Section: Rbcsupporting

confidence: 38%

Use of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an immunostimulant for the control ofAeromonas hydrophilainfections in rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykiss(Walbaum)

Nya

Austin

2010

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: To determine the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for the prevention of infection by Aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) fingerlings. Methods and Results: Rainbow trout fingerlings were fed with 0 mg (= controls), 1·875 mg, 3·75 mg, 7·5 mg and 15 mg of LPS per 100 g of commercial feed for 14 days before experimental challenge with A. hydrophila. The results revealed a reduction in mortalities to 5% in the two lowest doses and 15% in the group, which received 15 mg LPS per 100 g of feed, compared with 45% mortalities in the control. LPS exerted a powerful oxidative burst effect and was a potent mediator of phagocytic, lysozyme, bactericidal and antiprotease activities and total protein. However, whereas there were increases in specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in LPS‐treated fish, the data were not significantly (P > 0·05) different. Conclusions: LPS was effective at preventing disease caused by A. hydrophila and in stimulating the innate immune response of rainbow trout. Significance and Impact of the Study: The results of this study highlight the role of LPS in fish disease control.

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Section: Rbcsupporting

confidence: 38%

Use of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an immunostimulant for the control ofAeromonas hydrophilainfections in rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykiss(Walbaum)

Nya

Austin

2010

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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“…Therefore, most studies have been directed at the humoral rather than cellular aspects of host defense in patients with CLL. The most commonly noted humoral abnormality is a reduced serum concentration of immunoglobulins which has been observed in 32 to 89% of patients [1,4,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]35391. Despite the frequency of hypogammaglobulinemia in CLL, it is not likely to be the sole explanation for the impaired resistence to infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defective complement activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Heath

Cheson

1985

American J Hematol

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Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are at an increased risk for infections with bacteria which require complement for osponization. We explored the possibility that patients with CLL have a defect in binding the potent opsonin C3b to bacteria. Bacteria selected for these experiments included Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3, which binds C3 by activating the classical complement pathway (CCP), type 25, which can bind normal amounts of C3b by the alternative complement pathway (ACP), type 14, which can activate both the CCP and ACP, and Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, both of which activate the CCP. Bacteria were treated with normal serum or serum from 15 patients with CLL, and the bound C3b was quantified spectrophotofluorometrically. Despite normal serum concentrations of C3, C4, Factor B, C-reactive protein, and total hemolytic complement activity, all 15 CLL sera bound reduced amounts of C3b to at least one bacterial species; 9 to S pneumoniae type 3, 8 to types 14 and 25, 11 to S aureus, and 13 to E coli. Mixing normal serum with CLL serum restored C3b binding to all bacteria, suggesting a deficiency rather than an inhibitor of activity. Serum from ten hypogammaglobulinemic CLL patients bound less C3b (62.7 +/- 5% of normal) (means +/- SEM) than those with normal immunoglobulin levels (81.9 +/- 5%) (p less than .005). Nevertheless, the addition of specific antibacterial antibodies to CLL serum did not enhance C3b binding to any of the bacteria. Serum from patients with a history of a bacterial infection bound less C3b (62.3 +/- 5%) than those without a history of infections (76.1 +/- 6%) (p less than .05). Thus, there is a defect in either the activation or activity of C3 in CLL serum which may contribute to the increased incidence of infections in these patients.

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“…All strains were maintained in Todd-Hewitt broth (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.) supplemented with 5 ttg of menadione and 0.5 ug of hemin per ml at 250C in an anaerobic jar (GasPak 100, BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md. ), using palladium-coated aluminum catalyst pellets to maintain a reduced environment (26). A resazurin indicator in the broth assured anaerobic culture conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anderson et al. (1) have shown that encapsulated strains of Haemophilus influenzae are opsonized in immune serum by the classical complement pathway, whereas Quinn and co-workers (26) found that these same strains were opsonized by the alternative complement pathway in nonimmune serum. Other investigators (31,34) have shown that several bacterial species can be opsonized by the complement system in the relative absence of immunoglobulin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Opsonization of Four Bacteroides Species: Role of the Classical Complement Pathway and Immunoglobulin

et al. 1980

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Previous investigators have suggested that opsonization of two Bacteroides species is mediated exclusively by the alternative complement pathway and requires immunoglobulins. In this study, the nature of the opsonic factors in nonimmune human serum for four species of Bacteroides was investigated by measuring uptake of [3H]thymidine-labeled bacteria by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Normal human serum, C2-deficient serum, immunoglobulindeficient serum, and serum chelated with ethylene glycol-bis(,f-aminoethyl ether)-N,N-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), MgEGTA, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were used as opsonic sources. Heat inactivation of each of these sera significantly reduced its opsonic activity for all four Bacteroides species, suggesting that serum complement was essential for effective opsonization. All strains were opsonized in the absence of the classical complement pathway; however, kinetics studies revealed that opsonization proceeded at a significantly faster rate when the classical complement pathway was intact. Although two strains were opsonized in immunoglobulin-deficient sera, opsonization was less efficient and appeared to occur via the alternative complement pathway. Unexpectedly, all strains were well opsonized by the classical complement pathway in 10% serum which had been effectively chelated with EGTA or EDTA. The explanation for this finding is unknown; however, it is possible that cell wall cations of Bacteroides species may participate in the activation of complement in chelated serum, resulting in effective opsonization. It was also found that Bacteroides, when incubated with an Escherichia coli strain in normal serum, could compete for opsonins and thereby reduce phagocytosis ofE. coli. It is possible that competition for opsonins among bacterial species contributes to the synergistic role these organisms share in mixed floral infections. An effective osponic source including complement or immunoglobulin is required to prepare bacteria for maximal phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL). Anderson et al.(1) have shown that encapsulated strains of Haemophilus influenzae are opsonized in immune serum by the classical complement pathway, whereas Quinn and co-workers (26) found that these same strains were opsonized by the alternative complement pathway in nonimmune serum. Other investigators (31, 34) have shown that several bacterial species can be opsonized by the complement system in the relative absence of immunoglobulin. In contrast to unencapsulated organisms, encapsulated bacteria appear to require specific antibodies for optimal opsonization (3, 24).Casciato et al. (4) were the first to study opsonization and phagocytosis of Bacteroides species. They demonstrated that B. thetaiotaomicron could be opsonized only by heat-la-bile serum opsonic factors and that phagocytosis by PMNL occurred equally well under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Recently, Bjornson and Bjornson (2) studied two species of Bacteroides and concluded that optimal opsonization required bot...

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Activation of the alternative complement pathway by Haemophilus influenzae type B

Abstract: The results of the following study demonstrate that Haemophilus influenzae type B (HITB) is able to activate the alternative complement pathway. They also demonstrate that the activation of the alternative pathway by HITB is not mediated by the capsule.

Cited by 49 publications

References 10 publications

Use of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an immunostimulant for the control ofAeromonas hydrophilainfections in rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykiss(Walbaum)

Use of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an immunostimulant for the control ofAeromonas hydrophilainfections in rainbow troutOncorhynchus mykiss(Walbaum)

Defective complement activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Opsonization of Four Bacteroides Species: Role of the Classical Complement Pathway and Immunoglobulin

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