Activation of aluminium metal to evolve hydrogen from water

Parmuzina, A. V.; Kravchenko, O. V.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.02.025

Cited by 188 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Additives such as aluminum hydroxide [3], sodium stannate in sodium hydroxide solution [4], [5], hot water [6], CaO [7] were reported to be effective for enhanced generation of hydrogen, where serious corrosive conditions can be avoided. Alloying method such as Al-Ga alloys [8], [9], Bi doping [10], or milling additives such as SnCl 2 [10] or KCl/NaCl [11], and activated treatment on Al powders [12]- [14] are also employed to enhance the generation of hydrogen. However, these methods, accompanying with potential pollution, high cost and additional energy supply, are not very attractive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Hydrogen Generation from Aluminum-Water System Using Synthesized Aluminum Hydroxide Catalyst

Wang¹,

Chin²

2015

IJCEA

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Abstract-Catalytic effect of Al(OH) 3 on the hydrogen generation from Al/water system is evaluated. The Al(OH) 3 powders are synthesized from various molar ratios of Al(NO 3 ) 3 : NaOH = 1:3 ~ 1:5. It was found that the Al(OH) 3 catalyst derived from the ratio Al(NO 3 ) 3 : NaOH = 1:3.5~1:4 in an ice bath exhibits the best catalytic effect and exerts the highest hydrogen generation rate. Over 95% yield of hydrogen from a 3 g Al/50 ml water system (with 15 g Al(OH) 3 and pH=12) can be generated within 100 s. That is, by using specially synthesized Al(OH) 3 catalyst at a Al:Al(OH) 3 :H 2 O=3:15:50 weight ratio, very rapid hydrogen generation rate (~667 ml/gAlmin), without using any alloying elements or extreme corrosive condition, can be realized.Index Terms-Aluminum hydroxide, aluminum nitrate, hydrogen generation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Hydrogen Generation from Aluminum-Water System Using Synthesized Aluminum Hydroxide Catalyst

Wang¹,

Chin²

2015

IJCEA

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“…Such a reaction only proceeds with aluminum in the presence of a strong alkaline compound, such as NaOH or KOH (Soler et al, 2009;Soler et al, 2007) because this metal has a very thin passive layer of Al 2 O 3 on its surface that prevents the direct attack of water molecules (Grosjean et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2009). The reaction between aluminum and water can occur in the absence of any alkali if special alloy elements (e.g., indium and gallium) are added to aluminum in small quantities (Parmuzina et al, 2008;Kravchenko et al, 2005;Dow et al, 1997). The reaction between aluminum and water obeys the following stoichiometry:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of hydrogen in the reaction between aluminum and water in the presence of NaOH and KOH

Porciúncula¹,

Marcílio²,

Tessaro³

et al. 2012

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-The objective of this work is to investigate the production of hydrogen as an energy source by means of the reaction of aluminum with water. This reaction only occurs in the presence of NaOH and KOH, which behave as catalysts. The main advantages of using aluminum for indirect energy storage are: recyclability, nontoxicity and easiness to shape. Alkali concentrations varying from 1 to 3 mol . L -1 were applied to different metallic samples, either foil (0.02 mm thick) or plates (0.5 and 1 mm thick), and reaction temperatures between 295 and 345 K were tested. The results show that the reaction is strongly influenced by temperature, alkali concentration and metal shape. NaOH commonly promotes faster reactions and higher real yields than KOH.

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“…According to Rebinder's effect, the addition of low melting point metals will lead to the embrittlement of Al. 15) Therefore, the interaction force between NaCl salt particles and Al powder is enhanced during mechanical milling process. NaCl salt particles are broken into several small pieces and inserted into the breaks and Al matrix.…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Hydrolysis of Aluminum Based Composites for Hydrogen Production in Pure Water

Wang

Dong

et al. 2014

Mater. Trans.

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A series of Al based composites were prepared using mechanical milling method in this paper. Effects of additives including CaO, NaCl salt and low melting point metals (Ga, In, and Sn) on the hydrolysis activity of Al based composites were evaluated in pure water. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used for the microstructure analysis of as-prepared samples and their hydrolysis products. The results showed that the addition of CaO, NaCl salt and low melting point metals can effectively improve the hydrolysis properties of Al based composites. Especially, Al alloys-CaONaCl composites exhibited a higher hydrogen yields than AlCaO and AlCaO NaCl materials. The SEM images displayed that NaCl salt particles were homogeneously distributed on the surface of Al based composites and inserted into Al matrix, which may damage the surface oxide layer of Al. Furthermore, the size of NaCl salt particles was much smaller in Al alloys-CaONaCl composites than that in AlCaONaCl composites. The XRD patterns identified that the hydrolysis products were mainly composed of AlO(OH) and Al(OH) 3 . The microstructure-related hydrolysis reaction mechanism of Al based composites was proposed finally.

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Activation of aluminium metal to evolve hydrogen from water

Cited by 188 publications

References 2 publications

Rapid Hydrogen Generation from Aluminum-Water System Using Synthesized Aluminum Hydroxide Catalyst

Rapid Hydrogen Generation from Aluminum-Water System Using Synthesized Aluminum Hydroxide Catalyst

Production of hydrogen in the reaction between aluminum and water in the presence of NaOH and KOH

Preparation and Hydrolysis of Aluminum Based Composites for Hydrogen Production in Pure Water

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