Activation de bourgeons latents et utilisation de fragments de tige du bananier pour la propagation en masse de plants en conditions horticolesin vivo

Abstract

Article original Activation of latent buds and use of banana stem fragments for the in vivo mass propagation of seedlings. Abstract-Introduction. In vitro multiplication techniques are not adapted to banana growers. Moreover, the use of in vivo seedbed techniques makes it possible to increase the rate of banana multiplication in the field, but it presents the risk of multiplying contaminated materials and losing many buds present on the mother plant. To mitigate these problems, the CARBAP (Cameroon) have developed a new technique for in vivo mass multiplication, the technique of the "seedlings resulting from stem fragments" (PIF), which allows the activation of latent buds and the quick production of large quantities of healthy plantation materials in soil-less culture conditions. Materials and methods. Activation of latent buds was tested during a first experiment. Explants provided with only one bud were taken from banana shoots of three plantain (AAB) varieties and a banana (AAA) variety, then they were cultured in a germinator. A second experiment tested banana proliferation capacities. Explants with several buds, obtained from small suckers of 'Grande Naine' (AAA) and from four plantain (AAB) cultivars, were taken, then incised across before being put in a germinator. The time necessary for the appearance of the first shoots, rate of bud burstings, number of formed and separated shoots, and time for the shoot formation until the seedling isolation were measured. Results. At the end of the first experiment, buds recovered 80 d after the explant culture were (4 to 15) times as numerous as the number of mother plants used. However, this number varied with the variety, the physiological stage and the initial quality of the material. It was the same for the response time, ranging between (3 and 4) weeks, and for the rate of bud burstings. At the end of the second experiment, the average proliferation rates were (10 to 20) shoots per explant, obtained in (30 to 40) d with (60 to 70)% of plantain explants. During the same period, a maximum of 25 shoots per explant was observed with 'Bâtard' while 'French Clair' could produce between (28 and 36) shoots per explant in 13% of the cases. Conclusion. The PIF technique allows the in vivo induction of an active bud proliferation on banana stem fragments under particular conditions of temperature and hygrometry and without hormone addition. It is easily usable by growers. Cameroon / Musa (bananas) / Musa (plantains) / plant propagation / micropropagation / meristem culture / soilless culture / shoots Activation de bourgeons latents et utilisation de fragments de tige du bananier pour la propagation en masse de plants en conditions horticoles in vivo. Résumé-Introduction. Les techniques de multiplication in vitro de bananiers ne sont pas adaptées aux paysans. Par ailleurs, l'utilisation de techniques de pépinière in vivo permet d'augmenter le taux de multiplication des bananiers au champ, mais elle présente le risque de multiplier du matériel contaminé et de perdre de nombr...

CARBAP and innovation on the plantain banana in Western and Central Africa

“…More recently, CARBAP developed improved horticultural techniques adapted to smallholders and small-scale nurserymen. These are the so-called peeled corm technique or Multiplication Sur une Souche Décortiquće (MSD) technique (Auboiron, 1997) and the technique of stem bits known as the Plants Issus de Fragments (PIF) technique (Kwa, 2000;2003). When they are well applied, starting from a clean material, these techniques can produce more than ten to a few hundreds of healthy plants according to the varieties.…”

Organizational determinant of technological innovation in food agriculture and impacts on sustainable development

“…This stage, which occurred before 1990, lasted 3 to 5 years and led to a better understanding of the failure of the in vivo multiplication techniques practiced up to then, but was not significantly adopted by farmers. It resulted in the development of a technique for multiplying banana planting material from stem bits (Kwa 2000(Kwa , 2003. At a complementary level, techniques for integrated control (e.g., trapping weevils, paring suckers, using neem or submersion in hot water, control of Black Sigatoka by stripping leaves, changing the planting calendar, control of nematodes through crop rotation with plants that do not host nematodes, etc.)…”

Macropropagation of banana/plantain using selected local materials: a cost-effective way of mass propagation of planting materials for resource-poor households

“…Enzyme activity and the rate of most chemical reactions also generally increase with rise in temperature (Bareja, 2011). The time to the first harvest at Kamanyola coincided with the first plantlet harvest of 'Grande Naine' reported by Kwa (2003). Higher nursery management costs per plantlet were therefore realized at the high altitude sites.…”

“…The ABB beer types generally had lower yields, while the plantains had the highest yields. In a study of cultivar effects on harvested plantlets conducted by Kwa (2003), differences in plantlets harvested per corm were also reported between dessert and plantain cultivars, with the cultivar 'Grande Naine' (dessert AAA), producing a lower number of plantlets compared with plantain (AAB) cultivars. There is strong evidence that cultivars with a high apical dominance (e.g., most AAB plantains) and corresponding inhibited suckering (i.e., very few large suckers are produced before flowering of the mother plant) (Swennen and Vuylsteke, 1991;Ortiz and Vuylsteke, 1994) produce a larger number of plantlets under macro-propagation compared with Musa cultivars that have an un-regulated suckering ability after the removal of the apical meristem.…”