Actitudes y conductas sexuales de riesgo para la infección por VIH/SIDA en jóvenesespañoles

Abstract

Resumen: En este estudio se analizan las actitudes y conductas sexuales de riesgo de los jóvenes españoles respecto a la infección por VIH. Se administró el Cuestionario de Prevención del SIDA a 196 jóvenes. Los resultados muestran lagunas importantes en la información (sólo el 59% sabe que el sexo oral sin preservativo es una práctica de riesgo); el uso sistemático del preservativo es moderado en el coito (indican haberlo utilizado en el 53% de las relaciones del mes anterior); y muy bajo en las relaciones orales (3%) y anales (13%), mantenidas por un elevado número de sujetos (el 73% realizan prácticas orales y el 16% anales). Hay una baja percepción de peligro lo que se manifi esta en que sólo el 14% preguntan a sus parejas si se han realizado las pruebas del VIH y tan sólo el 40% se las ha realizado alguna vez. Urgen intervenciones preventivas en este colectivo. Palabras clave: Infección por VIH, conductas de riesgo, jóvenes Attitudes and risk sexual behaviors for HIV infection/AIDS in young people in SpainAbstract: This study analyzes attitudes and sexual risk behaviors of young people in Spain with regard to HIV infection. The AIDS Prevention Questionnaire was administered to 196 subjects. The results evidence important gaps in information (only 59% knows that oral sex without a condom is a risk behaviour); the systematic use of a condom is moderate in intercourse (in 53% of sexual intercourse over the past month) and very low in oral (3%) and anal (13%) sex, as practiced by a large number of subjects (73% do oral sex and 16% anal sex). There is a low sense of danger as manifested by the fact that only 14% ask their sexual partners if they did any HIV testing and only 40% have passed a HIV test at any time. Preventive interventions are urgently needed in this population.

HIV Testing Among Spanish Youth: Analysis of the Mediating Role of the Big Five Personality and Other Psychological Factors

“…The profile of people who did not know their HIV status before diagnosis were patients younger than 25 years or those older than 44 years and who had heterosexual sex (7,8) . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 Numerous studies developed in Spain have shown a high frequency of sexual risk behaviors among young heterosexuals and homosexuals (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), but few studies have examined the frequency of HIV antibody testing and determinants of delayed diagnosis (16). According to the Survey on Health and Sexual Habits conducted by the National Statistics Institute, only 10.4 % of the population in Spain has been tested voluntarily to find out their HIV status (17).…”

Structural Equation Modeling Test of an Integrated Model of Spanish Youth’s Condom Use

“…It seems logical to think that there is greater probability of steady relationships; therefore people could use other contraceptives methods that do not prevent STIs. Different studies in Spain suggest the existence of the phenomenon called monogamy not protective [2][3][4][5]. They reported about negative beliefs that arise when using a condom with a steady partner (e.g., mistrustfulness, lack of love for the other person).…”

“…The unprotected sex put at risk for HIV infection, other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unwanted pregnancy [2][3][4][5]. Furthermore, safe sexual behavior (for example, abstinence, consistent condom use or mutual monogamy with an HIV-negative partner) is the only way to prevent sexual transmission of HIV and STIs.…”

Género y VIH-sida: análisis diferencial de una estrategia de prevención

“…Por otro lado, si bien las mujeres mejoran en la variable «sexo seguro» en distintas situaciones, los hombres muestran una evolución más positiva en la misma. Este resultado, confirma investigaciones previas en las que los hombres han revelado cambios más consistentes en las variables conductuales (Ballester et al, 2009).…”