ACTH-(1-24) and hemorrhagic shock: Preliminary clinical results

Influence of ACTH‐(1–24) on free radical levels in the blood of haemorrhage‐shocked rats: direct ex vivo detection by electron spin resonance spectrometry

“…For instance, in our model of haemorrhagic shock, while all rats reinfused with their own shed blood at 15 min after haemorrhage die within 6.6 + 4.4 h (Bertolini et al, 1989;Guarini et al, 1990), a substantial number of haemorrhageshocked rats treated with a melanocortin peptide shortly (within 5 min) after bleeding survive, even if blood reinfusion is performed 30, 60 or 120 min later (Bertolini et al, 1989;Guarini et al, 1990). This effect of melanocortins has also been confirmed in a model of hypovolaemic shock produced in rabbits by the graded occlusion of the inferior vena cava (Ludbrook & Ventura, 1995), as well as in human subjects with haemorrhagic or cardiogenic shock (Bertolini et al, 1987;Pinelli et al, 1989;Noera et al, 1989;.…”

Influence of ACTH‐(1–24) on free radical levels in the blood of haemorrhage‐shocked rats: direct ex vivo detection by electron spin resonance spectrometry

“…For instance, in our model of haemorrhagic shock, while all rats reinfused with their own shed blood at 15 min after haemorrhage die within 6.6 + 4.4 h (Bertolini et al, 1989;Guarini et al, 1990), a substantial number of haemorrhageshocked rats treated with a melanocortin peptide shortly (within 5 min) after bleeding survive, even if blood reinfusion is performed 30, 60 or 120 min later (Bertolini et al, 1989;Guarini et al, 1990). This effect of melanocortins has also been confirmed in a model of hypovolaemic shock produced in rabbits by the graded occlusion of the inferior vena cava (Ludbrook & Ventura, 1995), as well as in human subjects with haemorrhagic or cardiogenic shock (Bertolini et al, 1987;Pinelli et al, 1989;Noera et al, 1989;.…”

Resuscitating effect of melanocortin peptides after prolonged respiratory arrest

“…So far accumulated experimental data suggest that, in conditions of haemorrhagic shock, melanocortin peptides, which have negligible cardiovascular effects under normal conditions, except for γ‐MSHs (Van Bergen et al , 1995) activate, or restore, a complex vasomotor reflex that eventually leads to the mobilization of the peripherally‐pooled residual blood; a reflex which is seemingly obtunded, in conditions of failure of the circulatory homeostasis, by the massive release of endogenous opioids (Bertolini et al , 1986a,b,c; Bertolini, 1995). This effect of melanocortins has been confirmed in dogs (Bertolini et al , 1986b) and in another model of hypovolaemic shock in rabbits (Ludbrook & Ventura, 1995), as well as in human conditions of haemorrhagic or cardiogenic shock (Bertolini et al , 1987; Pinelli et al , 1989; Noera et al , 1989, 1991).…”

High blood levels of nitric oxide in rats subjected to prolonged respiratory arrest and their modulation during adrenocorticotropin-induced resuscitation

“…bolus injection of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), the α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and the ACTH fragments 4-10, 1-16, 1-18 and 1-24 in rats subjected to severe volumecontrolled haemorrhagic shock or prolonged asphyxia has a prompt resuscitating effect with highly-significant prolongation of the survival time (Bertolini 1995;Bertolini et al1986a,b,c;Guarini et al 1990Guarini et al , 1997a. This beneficial effect has been confirmed also in haemorrhage-shocked dogs (Bertolini et al 1986b), in hypovolaemic shock in rabbits (Ludbrook and Ventura 1995), and in conditions of haemorrhagic or cardiogenic shock in humans (Bertolini et al 1987;Noera et al 1989Noera et al , 1991Pinelli et al 1989).…”

Influence of ACTH‐(1–24) on free radical levels in the blood of haemorrhage‐shocked rats: direct ex vivo detection by electron spin resonance spectrometry

“…For instance, in our model of haemorrhagic shock, while all rats reinfused with their own shed blood at 15 min after haemorrhage die within 6.6 + 4.4 h (Bertolini et al, 1989;Guarini et al, 1990), a substantial number of haemorrhageshocked rats treated with a melanocortin peptide shortly (within 5 min) after bleeding survive, even if blood reinfusion is performed 30, 60 or 120 min later (Bertolini et al, 1989;Guarini et al, 1990). This effect of melanocortins has also been confirmed in a model of hypovolaemic shock produced in rabbits by the graded occlusion of the inferior vena cava (Ludbrook & Ventura, 1995), as well as in human subjects with haemorrhagic or cardiogenic shock (Bertolini et al, 1987;Pinelli et al, 1989;Noera et al, 1989;.…”

Resuscitating effect of melanocortin peptides after prolonged respiratory arrest

“…So far accumulated experimental data suggest that, in conditions of haemorrhagic shock, melanocortin peptides, which have negligible cardiovascular effects under normal conditions, except for γ‐MSHs (Van Bergen et al , 1995) activate, or restore, a complex vasomotor reflex that eventually leads to the mobilization of the peripherally‐pooled residual blood; a reflex which is seemingly obtunded, in conditions of failure of the circulatory homeostasis, by the massive release of endogenous opioids (Bertolini et al , 1986a,b,c; Bertolini, 1995). This effect of melanocortins has been confirmed in dogs (Bertolini et al , 1986b) and in another model of hypovolaemic shock in rabbits (Ludbrook & Ventura, 1995), as well as in human conditions of haemorrhagic or cardiogenic shock (Bertolini et al , 1987; Pinelli et al , 1989; Noera et al , 1989, 1991).…”

High blood levels of nitric oxide in rats subjected to prolonged respiratory arrest and their modulation during adrenocorticotropin-induced resuscitation

“…bolus injection of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), the α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and the ACTH fragments 4-10, 1-16, 1-18 and 1-24 in rats subjected to severe volumecontrolled haemorrhagic shock or prolonged asphyxia has a prompt resuscitating effect with highly-significant prolongation of the survival time (Bertolini 1995;Bertolini et al1986a,b,c;Guarini et al 1990Guarini et al , 1997a. This beneficial effect has been confirmed also in haemorrhage-shocked dogs (Bertolini et al 1986b), in hypovolaemic shock in rabbits (Ludbrook and Ventura 1995), and in conditions of haemorrhagic or cardiogenic shock in humans (Bertolini et al 1987;Noera et al 1989Noera et al , 1991Pinelli et al 1989).…”

Influence of ACTH‐(1–24) on free radical levels in the blood of haemorrhage‐shocked rats: direct ex vivo detection by electron spin resonance spectrometry

“…For instance, in our model of haemorrhagic shock, while all rats reinfused with their own shed blood at 15 min after haemorrhage die within 6.6 + 4.4 h (Bertolini et al, 1989;Guarini et al, 1990), a substantial number of haemorrhageshocked rats treated with a melanocortin peptide shortly (within 5 min) after bleeding survive, even if blood reinfusion is performed 30, 60 or 120 min later (Bertolini et al, 1989;Guarini et al, 1990). This effect of melanocortins has also been confirmed in a model of hypovolaemic shock produced in rabbits by the graded occlusion of the inferior vena cava (Ludbrook & Ventura, 1995), as well as in human subjects with haemorrhagic or cardiogenic shock (Bertolini et al, 1987;Pinelli et al, 1989;Noera et al, 1989;.…”

Resuscitating effect of melanocortin peptides after prolonged respiratory arrest

“…So far accumulated experimental data suggest that, in conditions of haemorrhagic shock, melanocortin peptides, which have negligible cardiovascular effects under normal conditions, except for γ‐MSHs (Van Bergen et al , 1995) activate, or restore, a complex vasomotor reflex that eventually leads to the mobilization of the peripherally‐pooled residual blood; a reflex which is seemingly obtunded, in conditions of failure of the circulatory homeostasis, by the massive release of endogenous opioids (Bertolini et al , 1986a,b,c; Bertolini, 1995). This effect of melanocortins has been confirmed in dogs (Bertolini et al , 1986b) and in another model of hypovolaemic shock in rabbits (Ludbrook & Ventura, 1995), as well as in human conditions of haemorrhagic or cardiogenic shock (Bertolini et al , 1987; Pinelli et al , 1989; Noera et al , 1989, 1991).…”

High blood levels of nitric oxide in rats subjected to prolonged respiratory arrest and their modulation during adrenocorticotropin-induced resuscitation

“…bolus injection of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), the α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and the ACTH fragments 4-10, 1-16, 1-18 and 1-24 in rats subjected to severe volumecontrolled haemorrhagic shock or prolonged asphyxia has a prompt resuscitating effect with highly-significant prolongation of the survival time (Bertolini 1995;Bertolini et al1986a,b,c;Guarini et al 1990Guarini et al , 1997a. This beneficial effect has been confirmed also in haemorrhage-shocked dogs (Bertolini et al 1986b), in hypovolaemic shock in rabbits (Ludbrook and Ventura 1995), and in conditions of haemorrhagic or cardiogenic shock in humans (Bertolini et al 1987;Noera et al 1989Noera et al , 1991Pinelli et al 1989).…”