“…As detention practices may serve several different objectives depending on the targeted noncitizens, it is important to pay attention to which noncitizens are detained, on what grounds and with what outcomes in order to better understand the operation of immigration detention. Notwithstanding well-grounded concerns surrounding the detention of vulnerable groups such as asylum seekers, immigration detention as a preemptive security measure might be intertwined with crime control in a more extensive manner than assumed in Europe, as indicated also in research conducted in Italy (Campesi & Fabini, 2020) and Spain (Vallbé et al, 2019). While only some European countries-for example, Germany, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom-have introduced a legal ground for detention related to "Reasonable grounds to believe that the person will commit a crime/offence" (European Migration Network, 2014, p. 15), other legal grounds can be used for the detention of deportable foreign offenders as well.…”