Acoustically Mediated Controlled Drug Release and Targeted Therapy with Degradable 3D Porous Magnetic Microrobots

Park, Jongeon; Kim, Jin‐Young; Pané, Salvador; Nelson, Bradley J.; Choi, Hongsoo

doi:10.1002/adhm.202001096

Cited by 79 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…[16] Nevertheless, accurate guidance of magnetic micromotors through vasculature and to specific disease tissues remain to be demonstrated. [17,18] Additionally, most magnetic motors incorporate toxic metals, such as nickel. Acoustic energy is attractive because it is used routinely in vivo for diagnostics and imaging.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/smll202007102mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemically Propelled Nano and Micromotors in the Body: Quo Vadis?

Somasundar

Sen

2021

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The active delivery of drugs to disease sites in response to specific biomarkers is a holy grail in theranostics. If successful, it would greatly diminish the therapeutic dosage and reduce collateral cytotoxicity. In this context, the development of nano and micromotors that are able to harvest local energy to move directionally is an important breakthrough. However, serious hurdles remain before such active systems can be employed in vivo in therapeutic applications. Such motors and their energy sources must be safe and biocompatible, they should be able to move through complex body fluids, and have the ability to reach specific cellular targets. Given the complexity in the design and deployment of nano and micromotors, it is also critically important to show that they are significantly superior to inactive “smart” nanoparticles in theranostics. Furthermore, receiving regulatory approval requires the ability to scale‐up the production of nano and micromotors with uniformity in structure, function, and activity. In this essay, the limitations of the current nano and micromotors and the issues that need to be resolved before such motors are likely to find theranostic applications are discussed.

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Section: Doi: 101002/smll202007102mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemically Propelled Nano and Micromotors in the Body: Quo Vadis?

Somasundar

Sen

2021

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“…(c) Fabrication of the porous helical microrobots: (i) direct laser witting laser of spin-coated polyethyleneglycoldiacrylate photoresist and (ii) resulting helical microswimmers. (Adapted with permission [ 74 ]. Copyright © 2020 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)…”

Section: Propulsion Of Micro- and Nanoscale Robotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transportation of several cargoes was also demonstrated. Choi and co-workers have developed 3D porous magnetic helical microrobots [ 74 ] (Fig. 6 (G)).…”

Section: Propulsion Of Micro- and Nanoscale Robotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Powering and Fabrication of Small-Scale Robotics Systems

Wendel‐Garcia

Belce²,

Chen

et al. 2021

Curr Robot Rep

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Purpose of Review The increasing number of contributions in the field of small-scale robotics is significantly associated with the progress in material science and process engineering during the last half century. With the objective of integrating the most optimal materials for the propulsion of these motile micro- and nanosystems, several manufacturing strategies have been adopted or specifically developed. This brief review covers some recent advances in materials and fabrication of small-scale robots with a focus on the materials serving as components for their motion and actuation. Recent Findings Integration of a wealth of materials is now possible in several micro- and nanorobotic designs owing to the advances in micro- and nanofabrication and chemical synthesis. Regarding light-driven swimmers, novel photocatalytic materials and deformable liquid crystal elastomers have been recently reported. Acoustic swimmers are also gaining attention, with several prominent examples of acoustic bubble-based 3D swimmers being recently reported. Magnetic micro- and nanorobots are increasingly investigated for their prospective use in biomedical applications. The adoption of different materials and novel fabrication strategies based on 3D printing, template-assisted electrodeposition, or electrospinning is briefly discussed. Summary A brief review on fabrication and powering of small-scale robotics is presented. First, a concise introduction to the world of small-scale robotics and their propulsion by means of magnetic fields, ultrasound, and light is provided. Recent examples of materials and fabrication methodologies for the realization of these devices follow thereafter.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Owing to the biocompatibility of sound waves in in-vivo applications, and their wide available range of operating frequencies (100Hz-1GHz), various techniques of acoustic actuation have been explored [59], [84], [322]- [325]. These techniques encompass biological applications from tissue organization induced by standing waves [323], [324] to targeted drug delivery [84], [325]. High frequency acoustic fields have been capitalized in form of vibrating air bubbles [97], [158] and sharp protrusions [38], [223], [326] to facilitate movable components in microsystems such as propellers, gears and mixers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, fabrication and actuation of magneto-acoustic microrobots: een deel magnetisch, een ander deel akoestisch, allebei fantastisch

Mohanty

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Bridging the fictional world of "Fantastic Voyage" to modern-day clinical applications, microrobots extend the outreach of minimally-invasive surgeries. Recent micromanipulation strategies have led to a plethora of microrobotic designs that remotely harvest energy from external sources. Such remote actuation empowers microrobots to perform various tasks in hardto-reach environments such as biological vasculatures, microfluidic channels and cell cultures. Besides, these microrobots have the potential to replace large-scale mechanical instruments and make clinical procedures less invasive. However, there are considerable challenges in the synthesis and actuation of microrobots in order to be deployed for the aforementioned applications. Unlike macro-scale robots, microrobots cannot be easily tethered and powered with external peripheral electronics. Hence, microrobots derive energy from indirect physical forces (e.g., magnetism, acoustics, optics) or chemical reactions (e.g., peroxide decomposition, photocatalysis of noble metals, glucose oxidation) in order to move autonomously. The prevalence of existing clinical technologies like magnetic resonance and medical ultrasound imaging complement magnetics and acoustics, respectively, as indirect physical means of contactless manipulation.Among the two means of indirect actuation, magnetic actuation is the most popular approach employed to power microrobots. Inspired from the swimming mechanics of microorganisms (e.g., Escherichia coli, Spermatozoa, Spirulina platensis) countless designs of magnetically-powered microrobots have been reported over the past decade. Despite this popularity, it becomes challenging to design and fabricate different components of microrobots at micro-and nano-scale that move in response to magnetic forces. Moreover, various forms of magnetic actuation require heavy, bulky and power-consuming permanent or electromagnets as hardware. These hardware requirements often impose thermal constraints due to energy dissipation, or electrical bandwidth constraints which may limit speed of the applied actuation. In order to overcome these limitations, acoustic manipulation strategies are investigated as alternative means for contactless actuation of microrobots. Particularly, the versatile nature of acoustic manipulation strategies benefits diverse scenarios that range from i microfluidic-and levitation-based systems, to bubble-powered microrobots. Furthermore, acoustic microrobots can also collaborate with the traditional magnetic actuation and give rise to a hybrid magneto-acoustic micromanipulation strategy. This doctoral thesis describes a mix of magnetically-and acoustically-powered microrobots, and their respective actuation strategies. The chapters presented in this thesis embark the reader on a journey starting with the long-established magnetic microrobots, pass through different pit stops of acoustic microrobotic systems, and finally end where magnetic and acoustic microrobots join forces. This doctoral thesis is divided into four parts and ei...

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Acoustically Mediated Controlled Drug Release and Targeted Therapy with Degradable 3D Porous Magnetic Microrobots

Cited by 79 publications

References 45 publications

Chemically Propelled Nano and Micromotors in the Body: Quo Vadis?

Chemically Propelled Nano and Micromotors in the Body: Quo Vadis?

Powering and Fabrication of Small-Scale Robotics Systems

Design, fabrication and actuation of magneto-acoustic microrobots: een deel magnetisch, een ander deel akoestisch, allebei fantastisch

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