Acinetobacter Immune Responses in Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract

ultiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common cause of neurologic disability among young people. The etiology of MS is controversial, but immune responses are considered to somehow be involved. The diagnosis of MS depends on a combination of various clinical and laboratory features, but apart from some myelin-neuronal autoantibody profiles or oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid no other serologic diagnostic test or marker has yet been discovered. However, the presence of antibodies to Acinetobacter species in MS patients opens the possibility of developing a composite laboratory diagnostic marker, the myelin-Acinetobacterneurofilament index. Whether Acinetobacter is the triggering agent of MS remains to be determined, but the measurement of anti-Acinetobacter antibodies could be used as a marker of disease activity. To evaluate this, prospective randomized controlled studies should be performed with MS patients, especially in the early stages of the disease.

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection, and its impact on gut microbiome of individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

“…Our ndings from mediation analysis also revealed that Acinetobacter and Akkermmansia are the main microbial species that have a mediatory role. These species act as in ammatory marker (66, 67) having molecular mimicry with brain antigens (68) and are also involved in MS pathology (49,69,70). Akkermmansia a mucin degrader is also known to activate pro-in ammatory pathways i.e., B and T-cell receptor signalling, upregulation of antigen presenting genes and complement cascades (71).…”

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection, and its impact on gut microbiome of individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

“…Our ndings from mediation analysis also revealed that Acinetobacter and Akkermmansia are the main microbial species that have a mediatory role. These species act as in ammatory marker (66, 67) having molecular mimicry with brain antigens (68) and are also involved in MS pathology (49,69,70). Akkermmansia a mucin degrader is also known to activate pro-in ammatory pathways i.e., B and T-cell receptor signalling, upregulation of antigen presenting genes and complement cascades (71).…”

Modulating the Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis Management: A Systematic Review of Current Interventions

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), is characterized by demyelination, axonal damage, and progressive neurologic disability [1]. While genetic factors (e.g., certain human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II haplotypes) have emerged as strong candidates associated with the disease, the exact nature of contributing environmental factors, particularly those related to the gut microbiota, remains an area of growing interest [2].…”

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection, and its impact on gut microbiome of individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

“…Our ndings from mediation analysis also revealed that Acinetobacter and Akkermmansia are the main microbial species that have a mediatory role. These species act as in ammatory marker (66, 67) having molecular mimicry with brain antigens (68) and are also involved in MS pathology (49,69,70). Akkermmansia a mucin degrader is also known to activate pro-in ammatory pathways i.e., B and T-cell receptor signalling, upregulation of antigen presenting genes and complement cascades (71).…”

Modulating the Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis Management: A Systematic Review of Current Interventions

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), is characterized by demyelination, axonal damage, and progressive neurologic disability [1]. While genetic factors (e.g., certain human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II haplotypes) have emerged as strong candidates associated with the disease, the exact nature of contributing environmental factors, particularly those related to the gut microbiota, remains an area of growing interest [2].…”

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection, and its impact on gut microbiome of individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

“…Our ndings from mediation analysis also revealed that Acinetobacter and Akkermmansia are the main microbial species that have a mediatory role. These species act as in ammatory marker (66, 67) having molecular mimicry with brain antigens (68) and are also involved in MS pathology (49,69,70). Akkermmansia a mucin degrader is also known to activate pro-in ammatory pathways i.e., B and T-cell receptor signalling, upregulation of antigen presenting genes and complement cascades (71).…”

Modulating the Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis Management: A Systematic Review of Current Interventions

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), is characterized by demyelination, axonal damage, and progressive neurologic disability [1]. While genetic factors (e.g., certain human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II haplotypes) have emerged as strong candidates associated with the disease, the exact nature of contributing environmental factors, particularly those related to the gut microbiota, remains an area of growing interest [2].…”