Acidizing Sandstone Reservoirs Using HF and Organic Acids

Yang, Fei; Nasr‐El‐Din, Hisham A.; Al-Harbi, Badr Mohammed

doi:10.2118/157250-ms

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Carbonic acids are common alternatives to lower the reaction of HCl besides reducing the corrosiveness on well tubulars (Chang et al 2008;Huang et al 2000;Amro 2006; Buijse et al Buijse et al 2004;Yang et al 2012). Despite the efficiency, carbonic acid buffers the pH of organic acid which causes incomplete dissociation of HCl.…”

Section: Carbonate Reservoirs and Matrix Acidizingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of nanoparticles as catalyst in enhancing matrix acidizing for carbonate reservoir

Selvaraj

Maulianda

Wee

et al. 2019

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hydrochloric (HCl) acid is the most common stimulating fluid used in acidizing job due to its strong acidic property and low cost to create or enlarge existing wormhole within the reservoir. However, the HCl acid has rapid reaction with carbonate reservoir, and it is causing surface dissolution of the rock and lowering the penetration into the formation. Recent studies have shown the addition of nickel nanoparticles as catalyst to handle the problems in HCl acidizing. The nanoparticles are high-performance catalyst due to their high ratio of surface area to volume. The proposed method in this research is to mix the nanoparticles with the carbonate formation prior to the acid injection into the formation. The efficiency of the nanoparticles as catalyst depends on the thermodynamics property, which is surface energy of the materials used. The surface energy reduces as the size of particles become smaller. However, the effect of surface energy become insignificant on nanoparticles due to the small particles sizes, and the surface energy is based on the individual energy of the particles. Therefore, this research investigates the efficiency of silica, aluminum oxide, and zinc oxide besides nickel nanoparticles based on their thermodynamics property in accelerating the conversion of CO 2 gas into carbonic acid. The approach consists of investigating the efficiency of nanoparticles in different concentrations of carbonate and mass of nanoparticles. Suitable nanoparticles are proposed based on efficiency and cost in retarding the HCl reactivity and rapid formation of in situ carbonic acid. The concentration of carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3), bicarbonate ion (HCO 3 −), and carbonate ion (CO 3 2−) is analyzed based on Henry's law of solubility. The result shows that the silica has the best efficiency as catalyst in 6700 ppm Na 2 CO 3 solution due to its high stability and dispersion in aqueous solution. The silica engages into rapid dissociation of water molecules and bind with OH − group to react with CO 2 gas and form HCO 3 −. The nanoparticles reduce the reactivity of HCl through conversion of bicarbonate ions. However, ZnO gives better efficiency in 17,000 ppm of Na 2 CO 3. The efficiency of silica in this concentration increased at 0.7 g, proving the minimum amount required as catalyst. In contrast, ZnO and Al 2 O 3 have lower efficiency as acid retarder since changes in pH values affect the performance of the nanoparticles. The surface charge demonstrated by ZnO and Al 2 O 3 depends on pH changes which makes these nanoparticles to perform inefficiently. The silica is chosen as the best catalyst due to high efficiency versus cost ratio.

show abstract

Section: Carbonate Reservoirs and Matrix Acidizingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of nanoparticles as catalyst in enhancing matrix acidizing for carbonate reservoir

Selvaraj

Maulianda

Wee

et al. 2019

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, the advantages of these chelating agents over HCl were provided such as lower corrosion, not being sensitive to minerals, being stable at high temperature greater than 200 °F and also being biodegradable. Yang et al (2012a) conducted another experiment using a blend of HF-organic acids instead of mud acid to mitigate the problems associated with mud acid. The authors analyzed the kinetic and products of reactions.…”

Section: Retarded Acids and Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors analyzed the kinetic and products of reactions. The findings of research showed that the type of minerals present in the core plugs has an effect on the reactions (Yang et al 2012b;Yang 2012). Moreover, Zhou and Nasr-El-Din (2013) studied the efficiency of a single-stage sandstone-acid combination, which is a blend of HF and phosphonic acid during sandstone acid stimulation at 300 °F high-temperature formation.…”

Section: Retarded Acids and Organic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary screening and characterization of suitable acids for sandstone matrix acidizing technique: a comprehensive review

Leong

Mahmud

2018

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Matrix acidizing is a broadly developed technique in sandstone stimulation to improve the permeability and porosity of a bottom-hole well. The most popular acid used is mud acid (HF-HCl). It is a mixture of hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid. However, one of the conventional problems in sandstone acidizing is that mud acid faces significant issues at high temperature such as rapid rate of reaction, resulting in early acid consumption. This downside has given a negative impact to sandstone acidizing as it will result in not only permeability reduction, but can even extend to acid treatment failure. So, the aim of this study is to provide a preliminary screening and comparison of different acids based on the literature to optimize the acid selection, and targeting various temperatures of sandstone environment. This paper has comprehensively reviewed the experimental works using different acids to understand the chemical reactions and transport properties of acid in sandstone environment. The results obtained indicated that fluoroboric acid (HBF 4) could be useful in enhancing the sandstone acidizing process, although more studies are still required to consolidate this conclusion. HBF 4 is well known as a low damaging acid for sandstone acidizing due to its slow hydrolytic reaction to produce HF. This would allow deeper penetration of the acid into the sandstone formation at a slower rate, resulting in higher porosity and permeability enhancement. Nevertheless, little is known about the effective temperature working range for a successful treatment. Considering the pros and cons of different acids, particularly those which are associated with HF and HBF 4 , it is recommended to perform a comprehensive analysis to determine the optimum temperature range and effective working window for sandstone acidizing before treatment operation. Prior to sandstone acid stimulation, it is essential to predict the feasibility of acid selected by integrating the effects of temperature, acid concentration and injection rate. Therefore, this manuscript has thrown light into the research significance of further studies.

show abstract

“…A suitable liquid phase system was designed to dissolve it. The mineral phase, which favors the catalytic reaction, was exposed on the surface of the mineral, and a pore structure formed by dissolution and calcination was established on the surface of the mineral [13][14][15][16]. By re-integrating rare earth and transition elements, a solid solution, which is favorable for catalysis, was formed and was more exposed to the surface of the pores, thereby enhancing the dispersibility and acidic sites of the surface active components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Properties and Denitrification Performance of Impurity-Removed Rare Earth Concentrate

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Acid leaching and alkali roasting were used to remove impurities such as Ca and Si in Baiyun Obo rare earth concentrate. The effects of acid–base treatment on the physical and chemical properties of the samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller characterization, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, H2-temperature-programmed reduction, NH3-temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and NO-TPD. Results showed that the content of Ce7O12 in the rare earth concentrates increased and the dispersion was uniform. The grains became smaller, the specific surface area of rare earth concentrates increased, and the active sites were more exposed. Ce coexisted in the form of Ce3+ and Ce4+, whereas Fe coexisted in the form of Fe3+ and Fe2+. The content of Fe3+ was increased. The acid–base-treated rare earth concentrates had a denitration efficiency of 87.4% at a reaction temperature of 400 °C.

show abstract

Acidizing Sandstone Reservoirs Using HF and Organic Acids

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Experimental study of nanoparticles as catalyst in enhancing matrix acidizing for carbonate reservoir

Experimental study of nanoparticles as catalyst in enhancing matrix acidizing for carbonate reservoir

A preliminary screening and characterization of suitable acids for sandstone matrix acidizing technique: a comprehensive review

Surface Properties and Denitrification Performance of Impurity-Removed Rare Earth Concentrate

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About