Acid volatile sulfide (AVS)

Rickard, David; Morse, John W.

doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2005.08.004

Cited by 540 publications

(463 citation statements)

References 239 publications

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“…Mackinawite While these forms may be included in the model peak for FeS in the XANES spectrum, AVS analysis is not equally efficient as an extractant of these FeS minerals. Rickard and Morse [22] demonstrated that the extraction efficiency of 1 M HCl for synthetic mackinawite, and synthetic greigite was 92% and 40-67%, respectively.…”

Section: Changes In Sulfur Speciation After Avsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sulfur K-edge XANES is a suitable method for identification and quantification of various S compounds, their oxidation states and binding forms in a sample [20,21], which allow us to follow the fate of S species during sequential extraction. Acid volatile sulfide analysis is a classical approach for measurement of the sulfide fraction reactive towards metals in anoxic samples, based on volatilization of reduced S bonded in mineral fractions, mainly FeS [12,22,23]. The method has in principal similar disadvantages as sequential extraction regarding the uncertainty in selectivity of the applied reagent for volatilization of reduced S compounds and simultaneously extracted metals [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acid volatile sulfide analysis is a classical approach for measurement of the sulfide fraction reactive towards metals in anoxic samples, based on volatilization of reduced S bonded in mineral fractions, mainly FeS [12,22,23]. The method has in principal similar disadvantages as sequential extraction regarding the uncertainty in selectivity of the applied reagent for volatilization of reduced S compounds and simultaneously extracted metals [22]. To analyze possible changes in S forms during AVS extraction, we used S XANES to compare the S speciation before and after AVS analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sulfur K-edge XANES and acid volatile sulfide analyses of changes in chemical speciation of S and Fe during sequential extraction of trace metals in anoxic sludge from biogas reactors

Yekta

Gustavsson

Svensson

et al. 2012

Talanta

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The effect of sequential extraction of trace metals on sulfur (S) speciation in anoxic sludge samples from two lab-scale biogas reactors augmented with Fe was investigated. Analyses of sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (S XANES) spectroscopy and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) were conducted on the residues from each step of the sequential extraction. The S speciation in sludge samples after AVS analysis was also determined by S XANES. Sulfur was mainly present as FeS (~60% of total S) and reduced organic S (~30% of total S), such as organic sulfide and thiol groups, in the anoxic solid phase. Sulfur XANES and AVS analyses showed that during first step of the extraction procedure (the removal of exchangeable cations), a part of the FeS fraction corresponding to 20% of total S was transformed to zero-valent S, whereas Fe was not released into the solution during this transformation. After the last extraction step (organic/sulfide fraction) a secondary Fe phase was formed. The change in chemical speciation of S and Fe occurring during sequential extraction procedure suggests indirect effects on trace metals associated to the FeS fraction 2 that may lead to incorrect results. Furthermore, by S XANES it was verified that the AVS analysis effectively removed the FeS fraction. The present results identified critical limitations for the application of sequential extraction for trace metal speciation analysis outside the framework for which the methods were developed.

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Section: Changes In Sulfur Speciation After Avsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sulfur K-edge XANES and acid volatile sulfide analyses of changes in chemical speciation of S and Fe during sequential extraction of trace metals in anoxic sludge from biogas reactors

Yekta

Gustavsson

Svensson

et al. 2012

Talanta

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“…AVS has often been assumed to equal mackinawite (FeS), greigite (Fe 3 S 4 ) and dissolved sulphides (when pore water was included in the analysis), which are also precursors for pyrite. These assumptions have been heavily criticised by Rickard and Morse (2005). The Dutch data for the individual aquatic sediment samples in fresh environment show that the AVS content is often considerably smaller than the total S content, as summarised in the next section.…”

Section: Reactive Fe Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is nowadays recognised that framboids form under high supersaturation, so that the nucleation rate is greater than the crystal growth (Ohfuji & Rickard, 2005). They form when aqueous FeS clusters react via the H 2 S or polysulphide mechanism, and not directly from solid mackinawite or greigite as was long assumed (Rickard & Morse, 2005).…”

Section: Fe Sulphidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mineralogy of suspended matter, fresh and Cenozoic sediments in the fluvio-deltaic Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt–Ems area, the Netherlands: An overview and review

Griffioen

Klaver

Westerhoff

2016

Netherlands Journal of Geosciences

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Minerals are the building blocks of clastic sediments and play an important role with respect to the physico-chemical properties of the sediment and the lithostratigraphy of sediments. This paper aims to provide an overview of the mineralogy (including solid organic matter) of sediments as well as suspended matter as found in the Netherlands (and some parts of Belgium). The work is based on a review of the scientific literature published over more than 100 years. Cenozoic sediments are addressed together with suspended matter and recent sediments of the surface water systems because they form a geoscientific continuum from material subject to transport via recently settled to aged material. Most attention is paid to heavy minerals, clay minerals, feldspars, Ca carbonates, reactive Fe minerals (oxides, siderite, sulphides, glauconite) and solid organic matter because they represent the dominant minerals and their properties form a main issue in subsurface and water management. When possible and relevant, the amounts, provenance, relationship with grain size distribution, early diagenesis and palaeohydrological evolution are described. Tables with statistical data about the mineral contents and isotopic composition of carbonates and organic matter are presented as overviews. The review on the mineralogy of Dutch fluvial and marine environments is more extensive than that for the other sedimentary environments because the first two have been studied much more intensively than the others and they also form the larger part of the Dutch deposits. The focus is on the natural background mineralogy of Dutch sediments, but this is hard for recent sediments, largely because the massive hydraulic infrastructure present in the Netherlands has probably also affected the mineralogy and geochemistry of sediments deposited in recent centuries. Many findings are summarised, several of which lead to more general insights for the Dutch situation. Ca carbonates in sediments often have several provenances and thus must be considered as mixtures. Dolomite is commonly present in addition to calcite. The importance of biotite as weatherable mica is unclear. Weathering of heavy minerals plays some role but it is unclear in which way it affects the heavy mineral associations. Clays are usually dominated by illite, smectite and their interstratified variant, while kaolinite is usually below 20% and chlorite below 5%. Vermiculite is a minor constituent in fluvial clays and its illitisation presumably happens during early diagenesis in the marine environment. Opaque Fe hydroxides can be present in addition to Fe oxyhydroxide coatings and both will play a role in redox chemistry as reactive Fe minerals. Feldspars in marine sediments must be present but they have not been properly studied. The genesis of rattle stones and carbonate concretions has not been completely elucidated. The fraction of terrigeneous organic matter in estuarine and coastal marine sediments is substantial. The available data and information are spread irregularly over the country and the reviewed information discussed in this paper is derived from relatively small-scale studies dealing with a limited amount of analysed samples. Much information is available from the Scheldt estuaries in the southwestern part of the Netherlands partly due to the severe contamination of the Western Scheldt in recent decades.

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Sulfur and iron diagenesis in temperate unsteady sediments of the East China Sea inner shelf and a comparison with tropical mobile mud belts (MMBs)

et al. 2016

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Redox cycling of iron (Fe) and sulfur (S) exerts profound influences on fates of numerous elements in coastal marine sediments. In this study, S and Fe cycling and its geochemical expressions in the East China Sea (ECS) inner shelf, a representative of temperate mobile mud belts (MMBs), were characterized and compared with tropical counterparts (the Amazon shelf and the Gulf of Papua). Fe and S speciation consistently points to the dominance of authigenic nonsulfidized Fe(II) phases (i.e., poorly crystalline clays (PCCs) and carbonates) and the prevalence of Fe redox cycling in the suboxic or weakly sulfidic regimes of the ECS‐MMBs. High contents of authigenic magnetite may be a common diagenetic expression in all MMBs. Compared to the tropical MMBs, three main differences of diagenetic expressions in the ECS‐MMBs are (i) light 34Spyrite in the ECS‐MMB versus characteristically heavy 34Spyrite in the Amazon shelf MMBs; (ii) lower total reactive Fe (FeTR), total diagenetic Fe(II), and ratio of FeTR to total Fe in the ECS‐MMBs; and (iii) Fe(II) carbonates and PCCs are equally important sinks for nonsulfidized Fe(II) in the ECS‐MMBs, whereas PCCs are the predominant sink in the tropical counterparts. These differences are ascribable to factors including low degradability of organic matter, small diffusion scales, less intense chemical weathering in the drainage basin, and/or weaker reverse weathering in the ECS‐MMBs. Despite the differences above, Fe and S diagenetic expressions that characterize the prevalence of Fe redox cycling in the unsteady suboxic regimes are shared by the ECS‐MMBs and tropical MMBs.

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Acid volatile sulfide (AVS)

Cited by 540 publications

References 239 publications

Sulfur K-edge XANES and acid volatile sulfide analyses of changes in chemical speciation of S and Fe during sequential extraction of trace metals in anoxic sludge from biogas reactors

Sulfur K-edge XANES and acid volatile sulfide analyses of changes in chemical speciation of S and Fe during sequential extraction of trace metals in anoxic sludge from biogas reactors

The mineralogy of suspended matter, fresh and Cenozoic sediments in the fluvio-deltaic Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt–Ems area, the Netherlands: An overview and review

Sulfur and iron diagenesis in temperate unsteady sediments of the East China Sea inner shelf and a comparison with tropical mobile mud belts (MMBs)

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