Acid-Modified Biochar Impacts on Soil Properties and Biochemical Characteristics of Crops Grown in Saline-Sodic Soils

Abstract

Soil salinity and sodicity is a potential soil risk and a major reason for reduced soil productivity in many areas of the world. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different biochar raw materials and the effects of acid-modified biochar on alleviating abiotic stresses from saline-sodic soil and its effect on biochemical properties of maize and wheat productivity. A field experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design during the seasons of 2019/2020, with five treatments and three replicates: untreated soil (CK), rice straw biochar (RSB), cotton stalk biochar (CSB), rice straw-modified biochar (RSMB), and cotton stalk-modified biochar (CSMB). FTIR and X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that acid modification of biochar has potential effects for improving its properties via porous functions, surface functional groups and mineral compositions. The CSMB treatment enhanced the soil’s physical and chemical properties and porosity via EC, ESP, CEC, SOC and BD by 28.79%, 20.95%, 11.49%, 9.09%, 11.51% and 12.68% in the upper 0–20 cm, respectively, compared to the initial properties after the second season. Soil-available N, P and K increased with modified biochar treatments compared to original biochar types. Data showed increases in grain/straw yield with CSMB amendments by 34.15% and 29.82% for maize and 25.11% and 15.03% for wheat plants, respectively, compared to the control. Total N, P and K contents in both maize and wheat plants increased significantly with biochar application. CSMB recorded the highest accumulations of proline contents and SOD, POD and CAT antioxidant enzyme activity. These results suggest that the acid-modified biochar can be considered an eco-friendly, cheaper and effective choice in alleviating abiotic stresses from saline-sodic soil and positively effects maize and wheat productivity.

Improving Phosphorus Availability and Wheat Yield in Saline Soil of the Lake Urmia Basin through Enriched Biochar and Microbial Inoculation

“…Therefore, any factor that improves plant growth increases the plant's dry matter. Some studies have reported neutral or negative effects of biochar on plant performance [43,44]. However, many studies have suggested that increased plant growth after applying modified biochar could be due to improvements in soil CEC [30], Na+/K+ ratio under saline conditions [41], photosynthesis, nutrient uptake and soil physical and chemical properties [24,29,30].…”

Biochar modification methods and mechanisms for salt‐affected soil and saline‐alkali soil improvement: A review

“…On the other hand, improved soil structure facilitates the migration of salts to the lower soil layer. It prevents their upward movement because of evaporation, ultimately decreasing soil EC in the arable layer (El‐Sharkawy et al., 2022). Compared with the original BC, modified BC often has a larger surface area and more adsorption sites and has stronger adsorption of salt.…”

“…El‐Sharkawy et al. (2022) utilized BC modified with acid and rich in oxygen‐containing functional groups to amend salt‐affected soils. As a result, the CEC of the soil layer was improved to different extents, with a better effect than unmodified BC.…”

Pemanfaatan Trichoderma harzianum dan biochar untuk mengatasi cekaman kekeringan pada kedelai fase reproduktif

“…Adanya pengurangan ini tentunya berdampak tidak langsung terhadap pengurangan cekaman ditunjukkan dengan penurunan akumulasi prolin. Biochar yang dimodifikasi asam dapat dianggap ramah lingkungan, lebih murah dan pilihan yang efektif dalam mengurangi tekanan abiotik dari tanah salin-sodik dan secara positif mempengaruhi jagung dan produktivitas gandum (El-Sharkawy et al, 2022).…”