2015
DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-1982-9
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Abstract: In this overview, we focus on the different and current methods of acidbase characterization of heterogeneous catalysts and on their potential relation with catalytic properties in gas and liquid phases. Special emphasis is drawn on the main techniques currently employed such as the use of Hammett's indicators, the use of basic or acidic probes of different strength for adsorption measurements in microcalorimetry and of their thermal programmed desorption, the use of other techniques such as FTIR, ESR, NMR, ph… Show more

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Cited by 80 publications
(42 citation statements)
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References 140 publications
(190 reference statements)
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“…The active site of the MTH reaction is a Brønsted acid site (BAS). Although the fundamental aspects of solid Brønsted acidity are still under active investigation, there is extensive literature covering experimental and computational approaches for the construction of relative acid strength scales . Numerous approaches to quantify acidity have been suggested by using probe molecules, usually basic, in combination with an experimental probe detection technique.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The active site of the MTH reaction is a Brønsted acid site (BAS). Although the fundamental aspects of solid Brønsted acidity are still under active investigation, there is extensive literature covering experimental and computational approaches for the construction of relative acid strength scales . Numerous approaches to quantify acidity have been suggested by using probe molecules, usually basic, in combination with an experimental probe detection technique.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Numerous approaches to quantify acidity have been suggested by using probe molecules, usually basic, in combination with an experimental probe detection technique. Examples include NH 3 , CO, alcohols, nitriles, and aromatic molecules and common probe detection methods such as infrared spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and temperature‐programmed desorption with mass spectrometry . A computational alternative is the deprotonation energy (DPE) and NH 3 adsorption enthalpy, which allow quantifiable ranking of acidity.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Acid-base properties of metal oxides are characterised by many physical techniques [49] such as IR of hydroxyl groups and of CO adsorption (the shift in O-H stretching frequency caused by CO adsorption reflects the acid strength of the OH groups) or of adsorbed acid (CO 2 , SO 2 , phenol, etc.) or basic (NH 3 , pyridine, amines, water, etc.)…”
Section: Acid-base Catalysis By Metal Oxidesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is why the presence and the strength of Lewis acid sites (cations) and of basic sites (O 2´o r OH´) are important and should be characterised carefully. For such a characterisation [57], one usually uses FTIR or microcalorimetry of adsorbed probe molecules (basic NH 3 , pyridine or acid CO 2 , SO 2 , respectively) or test reactions such as isopropanol conversion which gives propene by dehydration on acid sites or acetone by dehydrogenation on basic sites in the absence of air in the feed or on redox sites in the presence of air [58]. Another test reaction has been proposed for acid base characterisation, namely 2-methyl but-3-en-1-yn-2-ol (MBOH) conversion, which follows three different pathways depending on the acid-base properties of the catalyst, as schematised in Figure 8.…”
Section: General Aspects Of the Acid-base Properties Of Metal Oxidesmentioning
confidence: 99%