Acetylcholine released from cerebral cortex in relation to state of activation

Celesia, Gastone G.; Jasper, Herbert H.

doi:10.1212/wnl.16.11.1053

Cited by 405 publications

(127 citation statements)

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“…There is some conflicting data on whether there is a significant cholinergic effect on sustained attention (Dalley et al, 2004;Gill et al, 2000;Grottick et al, 2003). The cholinergic system has a direct impact on EEG, with cholinergic activity in cortex being related to wakefulness and desynchronization of the EEG (Celesia and Jasper, 1966;Vanderwolf and Robinson, 1981). Nicotine increases some measures of EEG alertness (Griesar et al, 2002) but its mechanism is not solely cholinergic because nicotine acts presynaptically on neurons utilizing different neurotransmitters.…”

Section: 22mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vigilance, alertness, or sustained attention: physiological basis and measurement

Oken

Salinsky

Elsas

2006

Clinical Neurophysiology

661

463

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Vigilance is a term with varied definitions but the most common usage is sustained attention or tonic alertness. This usage of vigilance implies both the degree of arousal on the sleep-wake axis and the level of cognitive performance. There are many interacting neural and neurotransmitter systems that affect vigilance. Most studies of vigilance have relied on states where the sleep-wake state is altered, e.g. drowsiness, sleep-deprivation, and CNS-active drugs, but there are factors ranging from psychophysics to motivation that may impact vigilance. While EEG is the most commonly studied physiologic measure of vigilance, various measures of eye movement and of autonomic nervous system activity have also been used. This review paper discusses the underlying neural basis of vigilance and its assessment using physiologic tools. Since, assessment of vigilance requires assessment of cognitive function this aspect is also discussed.

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Section: 22mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vigilance, alertness, or sustained attention: physiological basis and measurement

Oken

Salinsky

Elsas

2006

Clinical Neurophysiology

661

463

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“…Ach is an important neuromodulator in the cerebral cortex. It has been implicated in Many important brain functions, such as arousal (Celesia & Jasper, 1966), attention (Muir et al, 1994; for a review see Saner & Bruno, 2000) and sensory discrimination (Jacobs & Juliano, 1995). It is projected from the nucleus basalis of the basal forebrain (Eckenstein· et al, 1988;Mesulam et al, 1983;Mesulan & Van Hoesen, 1976) and terminates diffusely tbroughout the cerebral cortex.…”

Section: Acetylcholinementioning

confidence: 99%

Input-specific effects of acetylcholine on sensory and intracortical evoked responses in the “barrel cortex” in vivo

2003

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“…A. Hernsworth aiid J. F. Mitchell ways are concerned with arousal and the maintenance of consciousness, and this v iew is supported by experiments which show an association between central ACh release, behaviour and e.e.g. activity in animals (Celesia & Jasper, 1966 ;Collier & Mitchell, 1967;Szerb, 1967).…”

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confidence: 99%

The characteristics of acetylcholine release mechanisms in the auditory cortex

Hemsworth¹,

Mitchell²

1969

British J Pharmacology

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The characteristics of the acetylcholine (ACh) release mechanism have been studied in the auditory cortex of rabbits on stimulation of the ipsilateral medial geniculate nucleus. On stimulation of the medial geniculate nucleus the mean release of ACh from the auditory receiving cortex was 6.1 times the spontaneous release; the mean release from other parts of the cortex was 2.2 times the spontaneous release. The frequency of stimulation most effective in evoking ACh release was found to be 10/sec. Both the spontaneous and evoked release of ACh were reduced by 40–65% in the absence of calcium from the solution bathing the auditory cortex, and increased by 15–25% when the calcium concentration in the bathing solution was doubled. The presence of low concentrations of magnesium in the fluid bathing the cortex was essential for the optimal release of ACh, but high magnesium concentrations lowered this release. The presence of triethylcholine (TEC) in the fluid bathing the auditory cortex reduced both the spontaneous and evoked release of ACh. This reduction was reversed in the presence of choline. The effects of calcium, magnesium and TEC on the ACh release mechanism in the cerebral cortex and at the neuromuscular junction are compared.

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Acetylcholine released from cerebral cortex in relation to state of activation

Cited by 405 publications

References 0 publications

Vigilance, alertness, or sustained attention: physiological basis and measurement

Vigilance, alertness, or sustained attention: physiological basis and measurement

Input-specific effects of acetylcholine on sensory and intracortical evoked responses in the “barrel cortex” in vivo

The characteristics of acetylcholine release mechanisms in the auditory cortex

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