Acetogenic fibers reduce fasting glucose turnover but not peripheral insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome patients

Pouteau, Etienne; Ferchaud‐Roucher, Véronique; Zaïr, Yassine; Paintin, M; Enslen, Marc; Auriou, Nicolas; Macé, Katherine; Godin, Jean‐Philippe; Ballèvre, Olivier; Krempf, Michel

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2010.05.006

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Because pectin was included in both fermentable and viscous fibre diets, it may not contribute to the second-meal effect independently. In agreement with the present results, Pouteau et al (52) recently reported that a chronic 5-week ingestion of apple pectin and acacia gum blend had no effect on glycaemia or lipidaemia, and did not improve the peripheral insulin sensitivity measured by the euglycaemic and hyperinsulinaemic clamp technique in patients with the metabolic syndrome.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Dietary fibre fermentability but not viscosity elicited the ‘second-meal effect’ in healthy adult dogs

et al. 2013

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The present study evaluated the effects of fibre fermentability and viscosity in a morning meal on glucose, insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) responses to a glucose challenge later in the day in six healthy female dogs. For this purpose, two Latin square design experiments were performed. In Expt 1, dogs were fed a low-fibre (LF; 1 % Solka-Floc (International Fiber Corporation) and 1 % soya hulls) diet, a low-fermentable fibre (LFF; 5 % Solka-Floc (International Fiber Corporation) and 3 % soya hulls) diet or a high-fermentable fibre (HFF; 5 % pectin and 3 % short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides) diet. In Expt 2, dogs were fed a low-viscosity fibre (5 % Solka-Floc (International Fiber Corporation) and 3 % soya hulls) diet, a moderate-viscosity fibre (MVF; 2 % Solka-Floc (International Fiber Corporation), 2 % soya hulls, 2 % psyllium and 2 % pectin) diet or a high-viscosity fibre (HVF; 4 % psyllium and 4 % pectin) diet. Dogs were fed at 08.00, 12.00 and 16.00 hours on days 1-6 of each period. On day 7, dogs were fed at 08.00 hours and then dosed with maltodextrin at 12.00 hours. Data were analysed to identify baseline and incremental AUC (IAUC) changes among the treatments. In Expt 1, glucose IAUC 0 -180 min was lower (P, 0·05) in dogs fed the HFF v. LF and LFF diets. Insulin and GLP-1 IAUC 0 -180 min were not affected. In Expt 2, baseline GLP-1 was greater (P, 0·005) and baseline insulin was lower (P, 0·05) in dogs fed the HVF v. MVF diet, but glucose, insulin and GLP-1 IAUC 0 -180 min were not affected. In summary, HFF in a morning meal has the potential to decrease blood glucose response in a consequent meal.Key words: Dietary fibres: Dogs: Second-meal effect: Glucagon-like peptide-1 Obesity is one of the most common diseases and is a risk factor for many co-morbidities in humans and companion animals, including diabetes mellitus. In dogs, obesity leads to altered blood lipids, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance (1,2) , which is similar to humans. Many human and canine studies have highlighted the benefits of dietary fibre, especially soluble fibre, which results in decreased postprandial hyperglycaemia (3 -5) , greater insulin sensitivity (6,7) and altered gastrointestinal peptide release (8,9) . The efficacy of dietary fibre, however, differs according to the source, physical properties and fermentation capacity in the lower part of the gut (10) . For example, when dogs were fed a diet containing high-fermentable fibre (HFF, 6 % sugarbeet pulp, 2 % gum arabic and 1·5 % fructo-oligosaccharides) compared with that containing low-fermentable fibre (LFF, 7 % cellulose), intestinal glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion, which acts as an incretin hormone by stimulating insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon secretion and delaying gastric emptying (11) , was increased and improved glucose homeostasis (3) . In addition, the supplementation of shortchain fructo-oligosaccharides (scFOS) has been demonstrated to improve insulin sensitivity and modulate the transcription of genes involved in ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Dietary fibre fermentability but not viscosity elicited the ‘second-meal effect’ in healthy adult dogs

et al. 2013

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“…In line, Parnell and Reimer (2009) found reduced postprandial glucose and insulin levels and increased PYY levels after oligofructose (21 g/day) intake for 12 weeks in overweight adults. Pouteau et al (2010) investigated the effects of 5-week supplementation of the acetogenic fibres acacia gum and pectin (28 g/day) on glucose turnover and insulin sensitivity in 21 men with metabolic syndrome. Fasting glucose turnover improved compared to control.…”

Section: Dietary Fibre/prebiotic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short chain fatty acids in human gut and metabolic health

et al. 2020

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Evidence is accumulating that short chain fatty acids (SCFA) play an important role in the maintenance of gut and metabolic health. The SCFA acetate, propionate and butyrate are produced from the microbial fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates and appear to be key mediators of the beneficial effects elicited by the gut microbiome. Microbial SCFA production is essential for gut integrity by regulating the luminal pH, mucus production, providing fuel for epithelial cells and effects on mucosal immune function. SCFA also directly modulate host metabolic health through a range of tissue-specific mechanisms related to appetite regulation, energy expenditure, glucose homeostasis and immunomodulation. Therefore, an increased microbial SCFA production can be considered as a health benefit, but data are mainly based on animal studies, whereas well-controlled human studies are limited. In this review an expert group by ILSI Europe’s Prebiotics Task Force discussed the current scientific knowledge on SCFA to consider the relationship between SCFA and gut and metabolic health with a particular focus on human evidence. Overall, the available mechanistic data and limited human data on the metabolic consequences of elevated gut-derived SCFA production strongly suggest that increasing SCFA production could be a valuable strategy in the preventing gastro-intestinal dysfunction, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, there is an urgent need for well controlled longer term human SCFA intervention studies, including measurement of SCFA fluxes and kinetics, the heterogeneity in response based on metabolic phenotype, the type of dietary fibre and fermentation site in fibre intervention studies and the control for factors that could shape the microbiome like diet, physical activity and use of medication.

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“…[ [ 21 ] . For the measurement of VLDL-TG kinetics, tracers were made and infused as previously described [ 22 ] .…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinic Acid Effects on Insulin Sensitivity and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism: An In Vivo to In Vitro Study

et al. 2014

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Our aim was to characterize the effects and the underlying mechanisms of the lipid-regulating agent Niaspan(®) on both insulin action and triglyceride decrease in 20 nondiabetic, dyslipidemic men with metabolic syndrome receiving Niaspan(®) (2 g/day) or placebo for 8 weeks in a randomized, cross-over study. The effects on plasma lipid profile were characterized at the beginning and the end of each treatment period; insulin sensitivity was assessed using the 2-step euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp and VLDL-triglyceride turnover by measuring plasma glycerol enrichment, both at the end of each treatment period. The mechanism of action of nicotinic acid was studied in HuH7 and mouse primary hepatocytes. Lipid profile was improved after Niaspan(®) treatment with a significant-28% decrease in triglyceride levels, a+17% increase in HDL-C concentration and unchanged levels of fasting nonesterified fatty acid. VLDL-tri-glyceride production rate was markedly reduced after Niaspan(®) (-68%). However, the treatment induced hepatic insulin resistance, as assessed by reduced inhibition of endogenous glucose production by insulin (0.7±0.4 vs. 1.0±0.5 mg/kg · min, p<0.05) and decrease in fasting hepatic insulin sensitivity index (4.8±1.8 vs. 3.2±1.6, p<0.05) in the Niaspan(®) condition. Nicotinic acid also reduced insulin action in HuH7 and primary hepatocytes, independently of the activation of hepatic PKCε. This effect was associated with an increase in diacylglycerol and a decrease in tri-glyceride contents that occurred in the absence of modification of DGAT2 expression and activity. Eight weeks of Niaspan(®) treatment in dyslipidemic patients with metabolic syndrome induce hepatic insulin resistance. The mechanism could involve an accumulation of diacylglycerol and an alteration of insulin signaling in hepatocytes.

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Acetogenic fibers reduce fasting glucose turnover but not peripheral insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome patients

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Dietary fibre fermentability but not viscosity elicited the ‘second-meal effect’ in healthy adult dogs

Dietary fibre fermentability but not viscosity elicited the ‘second-meal effect’ in healthy adult dogs

Short chain fatty acids in human gut and metabolic health

Nicotinic Acid Effects on Insulin Sensitivity and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism: An In Vivo to In Vitro Study

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